Regulations & Certification Verification & Validation of Autonomous Systems – Future Air Regulation Regulations & Certification 22nd February 2016 Michael Gadd Policy Specialist, UAS and Spaceplanes Safety and Airspace Regulation Group

Introduction Regulations Certification Challenges

But First … Definitions Autonomous Aircraft : An unmanned aircraft that does not allow pilot intervention in the management of the flight (ICAO). Autonomous operation: An operation during which a remotely-piloted aircraft is operating without pilot intervention in the management of the flight (ICAO). This does not mean there is no pilot. Current legislation requires one pilot per aircraft as the person responsible for the safety of the flight (Convention Art. 8). So when an aircraft is operating autonomously, it may be that the responsibility is simply transferred to the designer or manufacturer. Ref. ICAO RPAS Manual – Doc. 10019, 1st Edition

The regulatory environment Regulations … The regulatory environment Individual responsibility Risk/safety/security picture and different agency roles Enforcement Insurance The societal aspects Public perceptions – risk vs benefits Privacy / intrusion Environmental – nuisance/noise Education – users vs ‘recievers’

The “how to assure …safe enough…” Certification … The “how to assure …safe enough…” Higher Risk: Well tested, approval based framework: Individual “pillars” – Airworthiness, Operations, Competency, Airspace Airworthiness -Type Certificate, Restricted TC / Permit to Fly Lower Risk: CONOPS framework: “end to end” usage approach Specific and Open Categories (UAS)

The challenges The Challenges … Legislative frameworks and responsibility in a global market based economy Technology – COTS and Info Tech rather than aerospace Processes, Costs, Timelines and Skillsets

The Future - A Sci-Fi View ? 1968 - 1982 - Bladerunner 1985 – B-T-T-F 1 1961 - Supercar Thank You 2012 – Total Recall 1997 – 5th Element “Roads? Where we’re going we don’t need roads”