The Family of the Prophet Legal codes specific to Hashimids and Alids Cultural practices and myths related to Sayyids The conflation of the distinctions of Fatima's own children with sayyids today. How have these beliefs affected you? 1

The Spectrum of Love and Hate Group 1 [the anti-Alid] possessed animosity for Ali and his household. Group 2 opposed granting any special distinction or reverence to Ali. Group 3 opposed the tafḍīl of ‘Alī, but ranked him as the greatest Companion after the previous caliphs. Group 4 believed in the tafḍīl of ‘Alī, but opposed Imāmī veneration of Ali. Group 5 saw him as the divinely selected, sole inheritor of the Prophet, but rejected his deification. 2

Memories of the Imams Sunni rapprochement with the Alid heritage. Ahmad b. Hanbal and the four-caliph theory. The pledge of allegiance, fiscal agents and transactions, sustained tutelage. Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq and his son ‘Alī b. Ja‘far. 3

The Twelver Imams Ali, Hasan and Husayn (4) Zayn al-‘Ābidīn – The Psalms of Islam & Conversing with God. The Treatise on Rights. (5) Muhammad al-Bāqir – The articulation of legal codes (see the work of Arzina Lalani). (6) Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq – Legal theory and theology. (7) Mūsa al-Kāẓim – The legitimacy of the legatee, financial administration of an insular community (8) Ali al-Riḍā –Dialectical debates with pro-Alids: Naṣṣ vs. Tafḍīl, spiritual training vs. political allegiance (9) Muhammad al-Taqī al-Jawād – Dialectical debates with proto-Sunnī interlocutors. 4

The Twelver Imams (10) Ali al-Naqī al-Hādī – The method of sending salutations upon prophets and saints. The articulation of the spiritual rank of his forefathers in contrast to Ghulāt, Sunnī ḥadīth, and Zaydī circles. [Ziyārat al- Jāmi‘ah] (11) Hasan al-‘Askarī – Imāmī law and identity in contrast to antinomian circles [e.g. the Nuṣayrī]. (12) The Mahdī – Establishing the kingdom of God and justice on earth. 5

The Zaydī Imams Ali, Hasan and Husayn Zayd b. ‘Alī (d.120 AH) 'Abdullah b. Mu'awiya al-Ja‘farī (r.127 in Kufa) forced to flee to Iran, died 2 yrs later Nafs al-Zakiyya (d. 145) Husayn Sahib al-Fakh (169) Yahya al-Daylami 176/792 Idris b. Abdallah Imam in N. Africa by 173. Poisoned (175) Muhammad b. Ibrahim Tabataba d.199/814 Imam Qasim b. Ibrahim b. Ismail b. Ibrahim al-Rassi (169-246) Hasan b. Zayd al-Hasanī Muhammad b. Zayd al-Da'i succeeded him and ruled until 287. 6

The Zaydī Imams Imam Hadi ila al-Haqq (245-297) Imam Nāṣir al-Utrush (r.d 301-304) al-Mansur billah al-Qasim b. ‘Alī al-‘Iyānī. He came to Yemen in 389/999 and died in 393/1003. His two Grandsons ruled Yemen as well, Qasim died 468/1075 and Dhuʼl Sharifayn Muhammad (d.477/1085). Muhammad b. Hasan b. Qasim al-Da'i, al-Mahdi li Din Allah (d. 360). Imam al-Muʼayyad (d.411) Imam Nāṭiq (d.424) Imam Mansur (d. 614) Imam Ahmad b. Yahya al-Murtada (d. 840) 7

The Household & the piety in protest The Story of Husayn and Yazid The caliphate of Hasan b. ‘Alī and his surrender. The caliphate of Ali Fatima's legal disputes after the death of the Prophet Notions regarding spiritual, legislative and executive authority and Ghadīr al-Khumm. Historic Objectives of the Household Safeguarding the fundamental existence of the religion Safeguarding the line of Fatima Ensuring peace and security for their disciples Inculcating ethical perfection in the community as well as propagating their views on scripture, theology and law. Ending injustice, oppression and ignorance across the globe. 8