The Spread and Impact of the Reformation

Lutheranism Lutheranism = Protestant sect of the Christian faith started by Martin Luther First practiced in Germany and then spread throughout Europe Believed that the Pope had no power to forgive sins, only God could forgive them. Believed Priests were not needed to interpret the Bible, people could do it for themselves.

Origins of Lutheranism Religion - First major Protestant sect Founder - Began in Germany after Martin Luther was excommunicated by the Catholic Church Year Founded - 1521

Beliefs About Sin and Salvation in Lutheranism Luther disagreed with the Catholic Church about sin and salvation Catholic Church believed that you had to earn your way to salvation by doing good works and performing the seven sacraments Luther believed that salvation was a gift from God and that you received this gift through faith alone - this became known as “Justification by Faith”.

Beliefs About the Ultimate Source of Authority in Lutheranism Luther believed that the Bible was the only source of religious authority, not the Pope Luther believed priests were not needed to interpret what Bible means, people could do it for themselves Lutherans published Bibles in several languages so that people could read it for themselves

Rituals and Worship in Lutheranism Combined Catholic practices with new Lutheran ones like: using altars, candles, and showing pictures and statues of Jesus on the cross (Crucifixes). Lutherans took Holy Communion (body and blood of Christ), and did Bible readings and sermons, just like Catholics. Lutherans changed the language of Mass from Latin to German Got rid of all other sacraments besides baptism and the Eucharist (Holy Communion)

Community Life in Lutheranism Luther gave his followers certain rules to live by such as: Fathers should teach their children religion by having them pray before meals and before going to bed. Taught that women should get married and have as many children as possible. Allowed ministers or priests of his church to get married and have their own children.

Calvinism Calvinism = A Protestant sect of the Christian faith started by John Calvin First became popular in Geneva, Switzerland and spread from there. Calvin believed in Predestination - the idea that God already knew who was going to heaven and who wasn’t.

Origins of Calvinism Religion: Similar to Lutheranism, however Calvinist believed in predestination Founder: French humanist John Calvin Year Founded: 1541 in Geneva, Switzerland

Beliefs About Sin and Salvation in Calvinism Believed in Predestination Predestination = God has already chosen who will gain salvation (go to Heaven) before they were born, and nothing you could do during your life could change that. Believed people destined to go to heaven will show it on earth by behaving in a good way. Calvin called these people the “elect” and you could tell who was going to heaven by how good they acted.

Beliefs About the Ultimate Source of Authority in Calvinism The Bible was the ultimate source of authority in Christianity. Church leaders needed to read the Bible and make laws from it. Calvin believed in a Theocracy type government - a government run by God and laws from the Bible.

Rituals and Worship in Calvinism No pictures of Jesus, or the saints in Calvinist Churches Calvin believed looking at pictures may make a person begin to worship the picture and not God. People were to attend church up to 5 times a week with each sermon lasting many hours. Men sat on one side of the church, while women and children sat on the other. Children were even quizzed on the Bible during church.

Community Life in Calvinism Rules prohibited dancing, gambling, wearing fancy clothes, singing, and fortune telling. Calvin sent out church leaders to inspect business and homes to make sure all Calvinists were following the rules.

Anglicanism Formed when King Henry VIII of England wanted a divorce from his first wife, Catherine Henry was married to Catherine for 20 years, during which time she did not give birth to any sons that survived childhood He decided to divorce Catherine, but the Pope said divorce is not something God likes so he would not grant Henry a divorce Henry decided to break away from the Catholic Church and form his own church which would grant him a divorce from Catherine.

Origins of Anglicanism Formed by King Henry VIII of England because pope wouldn’t grant him a divorce from his wife Henry did not change much about his church, they still followed many of the same practices of the Catholic church. Henry ruled over the Anglican Church and considered the Pope powerless

Beliefs About Sin and Salvation in Anglicanism Baptism washed away original sins, just like the Catholic belief Anglicans also believed, however, that Luther was right about “Justification of Faith”, and ultimately salvation was a gift from God you could not earn.

Beliefs About the Ultimate Source of Authority in Anglicanism The Bible was the ultimate source of authority in Christianity, However, as leader of his church, King Henry chose to interpret the Bible in his own way, with the help of the Bishop of Canterbury.

Rituals and Worship in Anglicanism Anglican church services were very similar to Catholic and Lutheran services. Anglicans worshiped in old Catholic churches throughout England, but they removed any gold decorations or pictures that had been inside of the churches.

Community Life in Anglicanism Rich people attended High Church communities (services) Commoners and the poor attended Low Church services. Queen Elizabeth (King Henry’s daughter) declared all people should be able to choose how they worshiped God as long as they obeyed the laws of England.

A “Side Story” about the English monarchy for your enjoyment!... Take a Break! A “Side Story” about the English monarchy for your enjoyment!...

Henry’s Wives Beheaded 2 of his 6 wives. Killed second wife because he thought she liked other men. Killed fifth wife because she supposeively lied about other men she was once engaged to. Henry probably wanted them dead so he could continue to marry other women, to try to find a male heir.

Henry VIII’s Children 1510 Daughter - died 1511 Son - died 1513 Son - died 1514 Son - died 1516 Mary - survived 1518 Daughter - died 1533 Elizabeth - survived 1534 Son - died 1535 unknown - died 1536 Son - died 1537 Edward - survived

King Henry desperately wanted a male heir however after so many divorces and killing two of his wives to help him achieve his goal, he never had a son who ruled England for very long. If he would have only known that the females in his life, 2 of his daughters, would become some of the most famous rulers England has ever had, and one daughter would be considered to many the most powerful and beloved Queen that ever lived!

Edward VI [Ruled 1547-1553]

“Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553 Edward died at age 15, appointing his cousin Jane Grey to the English thrown on his deathbed Lady Jane Grey “Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553 However, this was disputed after Edward’s death and his half sister Mary was given the thrown 9 days later

Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” [ruled 1553 – 1558] Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded. For the 5 years Mary ruled she tried to put an end to Anglicanism in England. Mary was raised Catholic and didn’t like the spreading popularity of the Church of England (Anglicanism). She had Almost 300 followers of the Church of England burned At the stake! Earning her The nickname Bloody Mary.

Elizabeth I, Queen at last! Mary died in 1558, leaving the only surviving child of Henry VIII, Elizabeth (daughter of Henry’s 2nd wife) to take the thrown. Elizabeth restored Anglicanism to England and went on to rule England for over 40 years as one of England’s most beloved rulers! Ruled 1558 - 1603

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William Tyndale Anglican reformer Created a translation of the Bible in English Eventually captured and executed by Catholic Church for publicly opposing them William Tyndale

The Counter-Reformation 100’s of people protested against the Catholic Church and joined newly formed Christian churches To “win” people back to Catholicism, the Catholic Church decided to try and fix the corruption taking place within their church

The Council of Trent During the Counter- Reformation the Catholic Church held a meeting known as the Council of Trent Church leaders set 2 main goals – stop the corruption in the church, and continue to uphold (keep) Catholic traditions.

Stopping the Spread of Protestantism During the Counter-Reformation the Catholic Church also tried to stop the Protestants by creating the Inquisition The Inquisition was set up to judge, convict, and punish anyone thought to be a heretic (person going against the teachings of the church)

Effects of the Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance caused people to become more concerned with secular issues rather than religious issues Reformation focused people back on religion Reformation was responsible for several wars and persecutions Increased nationalism (devotion to one’s country/nation) Monarchies grew stronger Puritans, looking for religious freedom, fled from England to America Forms of Christianity spread around the world

Map Discussion Look at the map and answer questions 1-9 in your packet on the Map Discussion page.