SPREADING PATHOGENS! Messana 8th Grade

Pathogens Cause Disease We will focus on 4 Types of Pathogens: Fungi Bacteria Viruses Parasites

Pathogens Pathogen - Anything that can cause disease or harm Also referred to as microbes or germs Virus, Bacteria & Parasites are the 3 main types of disease spreading pathogens..& how bout that FUNGI?...none of U would understand! 

How Do Pathogens Cause Harm? They can change what your cells do Especially viruses and even chemicals Mutagen – something that actually changes or “mutates” the genetic material of an organism

Types of Diseases (review) Non-communicable: Cannot be passed from person to person Can be due to genetics, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors EX: Cancer, ALS, Alzheimer’s, Arthritis, Heart Disease, Diabetes Communicable (Infectious or Contagious): Caused by a Microbe entering body and reproducing – Bacteria, Virus, Parasite Easily spread between individual organisms EX:Cold, Flu, Strep Throat

Environments Moist A lot like water Average temperatures Not too hot or too cold Limited exposure to fresh air More ability to reproduce Sunlight Good for some, bad for others Food sources Sugars or decaying material

How do pathogens spread? 4 main ways that pathogens are transferred: Person to person Food and water Environment Animals

Virus NOT LIVING – Needs a host to survive and reproduce Since it is not alive, it has NO CELLS Very small Vaccines used to treat Works like a “LOCK & KEY”

How a Virus Attacks a Cell… …very cool video…but you will probably need to COPY & PASTE to get it to work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

Bacteria Living organisms Unicellular, prokaryotic Larger than viruses, but usually more treatable Antibiotics used to treat

Fun Fact:Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch…

Parasites (flip to back) Living organisms that need a host to survive – highly adapted to their host Unicellular or multicellular Come in many shapes and sizes

Who Figures All of This Out? FLIP to FRONT… An Epidemiologist is a scientist who studies diseases including how they start, spread and how they are treated.

Global Viral Forecasting Searching the GLOBE… Tracking viruses in the animal populations to DISCOVER “NEW” viruses BEFORE they are TRANSMITTED to US!!! Saving the world ….ONE person at a time!! 

Maggots in My Head…..May need to copy and paste these as well! Enjoy  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2Ac6RYSvo8 Tapeworm in My Eye http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVbrXbmPHpo

Contagions Many pathogens are also said to be contagions Contagions – capable of being spread by direct or indirect contact (in other words…contagious)

Contagion Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7yL5DFbK5A Features Kate Winslet as an epidemiologist trying to trace back to “patient zero”

Community Immunity ("Herd" Immunity) Vaccines can prevent outbreaks of disease and save lives. When a lot of people within a community are immunized against a contagious disease, most members of the community are protected against that disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak. Even those who are not eligible for certain vaccines—such as infants, pregnant women, or immunocompromised individuals—get some protection because the spread of contagious disease is contained. This is known as "community immunity….or herd immunity” The following image helps explain this concept!