Principles of Experiment Bias Principles of Experiment Sampling Design Experiment components Potpourri 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

The answer is: Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is bias?

The answer is: Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond.

What is non-response bias? The answer in the form of a question is: What is non-response bias?

The answer is: Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample.

What is voluntary response bias? The answer in the form of a question is: What is voluntary response bias?

The answer is: A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is undercoverage?

The answer is: Anything in a survey design that influences responses, ie; wording of questions, vocabulary, etc.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is a response bias?

The answer is: A term for identifying the effects of extraneous variables on the response – making experimental conditions as identical as possible for all units.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is control?

A term for using chance to assign subjects to treatments. The answer is: A term for using chance to assign subjects to treatments.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is randomization?

The answer is: A term for performing the experiment on many subjects to quantify the natural variation in the experiment.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is replication?

The answer is: A term used to reduce the effects of identifiable attributes of the subjects that cannot be controlled.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is blocking?

The answer is: The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level, typically either the default treatment or a placebo treatment.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is a control group?

The answer is: A sampling design that consists of individuals who are conveniently available.

What is a convenience sample? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a convenience sample?

The answer is: A sampling design in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection.

What is a simple random sample? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a simple random sample?

The answer is: A sampling design in which the population is divided into several homogeneous subgroups and then random samples are drawn.

What is a stratified sample? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a stratified sample?

A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random. Each group is a heterogeneous representative sample of the population and similar to each other. The answer is:

What is a cluster sample? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a cluster sample?

The answer is: A sampling design in which every kth individual is selected from a sampling frame.

What is a systematic sample? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a systematic sample?

A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter. The answer is: A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is a factor?

The answer is: Individuals on whom an experiment is performed, namely subjects or participants.

What experimental units? The answer in the form of a question is: What experimental units?

The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor. The answer is: The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor.

The answer in the form of a question is: What are levels?

The answer is: The process, intervention, or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units.

The answer in the form of a question is: What are treatments?

The answer is: A treatment known to have no effect, administered so that all groups experience the same conditions.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is a placebo?

The answer is: A design in which units are sorted into subgroups before treatments are randomly assigned.

What is a randomized block design? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a randomized block design?

The answer is: A design in which all experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment.

What is a completely randomized design? The answer in the form of a question is: What is a completely randomized design?

The answer is: The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ, one from another.

What is sampling error (variability)? The answer in the form of a question is: What is sampling error (variability)?

The answer is: A situation where the effects of two or more explanatory variables on the response variable cannot be separated.

The answer in the form of a question is: What is confounding?

The answer is: When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that it is likely to have occurred naturally.

What is statistically significant? The answer in the form of a question is: What is statistically significant?