Living in South Asia Ch. 25.1.

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Presentation transcript:

Living in South Asia Ch. 25.1

Agriculture 60% are in agriculture (India/ Bangladesh) Mostly subsistence farming Large use of animal power Plowing, waterwheels, work of tractor Dependent on rainfall

Agriculture Terracing in the highlands Fruit orchards in Pakistan Rice in Bangladesh/India (4th/2nd in world) Small farms in India Fertility, rain season for Ganges Plain Huge tea/rubber/coconut plantations in Sri Lanka (thanks Europe) S.L. now has to import many foods

Green Revolution Background cause: Bengal Famine in 40s pop. grew faster than food production Urban boom  increased prices No govn’t support 1967-1978: want to increase and diversify crops India can now store and export grains  (means it has excess) Issues: Monsoons (wet or dry) interrupt cycles & modernization costs $$$

Green Revolution Increase the amount of land used for farming Grow more than one crop on the farmland Increase the amount of land used for farming Develop high yield seeds, use irrigation techniques and chemical fertilizers

Industries India’s economy- after independence in 1947  socialist (more govn’t control) Expanded home industry to be self-sufficient (slow growth for decades) But in 1990s, economic crisis led to market economy consumerism skyrocketed (2nd to U.S.)

Industries Textiles are huge (38 million workers) Grew out of history of cottage industries (employ workers in home) Gandhi used spinning wheel as symbol of strength & independence for India (self-reliance)

Industries Mining and fishing are still prevalent Bang. = commercial fishers vs. local Iron & steel are major heavy industries Ship Breaking dismantle and melt down old ships

Chittagong, Bang.

Industries High-Technology Sector- computer, communications, aerospace, software Bangalore & Hyderabad= “India’s Silicon Valley” India is 2nd largest exporter of software  Mix this with English and…

Outsourcing/Offshoring Transfer of management or production to another country Lower labor & nrg costs Efficient land use Foundations for global expansion India is known for call centers, but that is w/ higher educ.

Tourism Come to hike, hunt in Himalayas See India’s temples & festivals (millions of ppl per year) But religious, and political violence is causing a drop in tourism (S.L., Kashmir) Some restrict tourists to preserve environ. Bhutan ( <5,000 tourist visas ea. year)

Gross Domestic Product What’s the Problem? Labor Force of India Agriculture: 60% Industry: 12% Services: 28% Gross Domestic Product Agriculture: 20% Industry: 19% Services: 61%