In Vivo X-Ray Angiography in the Mouse Brain Using Synchrotron Radiation by Keiji Kidoguchi, Masahiro Tamaki, Takashi Mizobe, Junji Koyama, Takeshi Kondoh, Eiji Kohmura, Takashi Sakurai, Koichi Yokono, and Keiji Umetani Stroke Volume 37(7):1856-1861 July 1, 2006 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1. A, Photograph showing the original PE-50 tube (top) and a thin PE-50 tube that was used in this study (bottom). Figure 1. A, Photograph showing the original PE-50 tube (top) and a thin PE-50 tube that was used in this study (bottom). B, Photograph showing microsurgery for cannulation of thinned PE-50 tube in the right ECA for angiography. OA indicates occipital artery; Vagus N., vagus nerve; Sternocleido M., sternocleidomastoid muscle. Keiji Kidoguchi et al. Stroke. 2006;37:1856-1861 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 2. Synchrotron radiation x-ray angiography of a mouse showing the anatomy of the cerebral arteries in the brain hemisphere and neck. Figure 2. Synchrotron radiation x-ray angiography of a mouse showing the anatomy of the cerebral arteries in the brain hemisphere and neck. Note that selective imaging was performed in the ICA territory. A subtraction image of the vessels (top) and the original image with skull (bottom). Assembled with 4 to 8 photographs for each. OA indicates occipital artery; Ethmoidal A., ethmoidal artery; VA, vertebral artery; Subclavian A., subclavian artery; brachiocephalic A., brachiocephalic artery. Keiji Kidoguchi et al. Stroke. 2006;37:1856-1861 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 3. The serial images from the arterial phase to the venous phase at 1.0, 1.66, 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0 s after the starting of contrast agent injection. Figure 3. The serial images from the arterial phase to the venous phase at 1.0, 1.66, 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0 s after the starting of contrast agent injection. Keiji Kidoguchi et al. Stroke. 2006;37:1856-1861 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 4. A, Photograph showing the points for the measurement of the diameter of each artery. Figure 4. A, Photograph showing the points for the measurement of the diameter of each artery. B, Photographs showing the distension of the arteries under hypercapnia. C, Comparison of the diameters of the cerebral arteries of the mouse brain under normocapnia and under hypercapnia. *P<0.01; **P<0.05; Student t test. Keiji Kidoguchi et al. Stroke. 2006;37:1856-1861 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 5. A, Chronological angiography of the mouse brain before and after the intracarotid injection of papaverine hydrochloride. Figure 5. A, Chronological angiography of the mouse brain before and after the intracarotid injection of papaverine hydrochloride. The changes of the diameter were measured and are summarized in B. Similar changes were observed by ATP disodium shown in C and by fasudil hydrochloride hydrate shown in D. Keiji Kidoguchi et al. Stroke. 2006;37:1856-1861 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.