RAW Workflows : Impacts on Acquisition and Post 9/20/2018 2:49 AM RAW Workflows : Impacts on Acquisition and Post David Newman Mark Pedersen February 2007 © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

What is a digital RAW workflow? 9/20/2018 2:49 AM What is a digital RAW workflow? Bridges workflow between digital acquisition and post Raw sensor image data is stored directly Avoids camera processing to preserve latitude Destructive operations (WB, color matrix, “looks”) stored as metadata “Digital Negative” analogous to film negative Image developed in post, NOT in camera Traditional HD camera processing now becomes non-destructive filter operations in post © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

Traditional In-Camera Processing Destructive, Non-reversible Image Sensor(s) White Balance Color Matrix YUV Conversion In-Camera Compression HDCam DVCPRO HD HDV o In-camera processing is destructive Sensor range greater than YUV / RGB gamut WB / Color matrix processing can clip sensor data Non-recoverable in post © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

Shooting RAW : Single Sensor Cameras Large Bayer pattern imaging sensor Super 16 or 35 imaging surface Better DOF control (longer optics for the same FOV) Greater latitude Lower data rates vs 3CCD Simplified optical path Uses film-style lenses Image digitally developed in post - not in camera (“Digital Negative”) Cameras optimized for cinema rather than broadcast. (Photo Courtesy of Wikipedia) Current RAW cameras: Dalsa Origin Arriflex D20 Panavision Genesis Silicon Imaging SI-2K RED One Shipping 2007 © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

RAW Data from Camera to Post Traditional Issues for RAW workflows No post support for RAW files  No standards Expensive disk RAIDs  No tape acquisition Incompatible colorspace  Neither YUV nor RGB Compute-intensive demosaic  Images must be “developed” prior to NLE/compositor usage Necessary Solution for practical RAW workflows Minimal compression  Low-cost disk acquisition systems Compressed RAW media  Broad industry usage support in existing post tools Post control over image  WB, color matrix, “look” development parameters: Long-term archive solution  Preservation of master images © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

CineForm RAW Workflow Minimal compression, Rich Metadata 9/20/2018 2:49 AM CineForm RAW Workflow Works with existing tools QuickTime / AVI compatible (Adobe / Apple / Autodesk, etc) Decoding Engine translates RAW to RGB/YUV as needed Online real-time performance within select applications Re-adjust WB, color matrix, LUT in post (non-destructive) Minimal compression, Rich Metadata CineForm RAW 10/12-bit blockless wavelet Visually lossless VBR compressed (up to 5:1) Low data rates 2k @ 24p 10-14 MB/sec 4k @ 24p 25-35 MB/sec .AVI or .MOV support 5-6X less compute intensive than JPEG2000 CineForm RAW Compression Rich Metadata - WB, Color Matrix, 1D/3D-LUT Freeform Clip/User Information Decoding rules (Rosetta stone) © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

Archive of Compressed Media 9/20/2018 2:49 AM Archive of Compressed Media Goal: “Lifetime” ability to decode and reconstruct image and metadata, independent of HW, OS, applications, player tool, or propriety Compressed RAW has great archive value Size: ≤ 20:1 advantage over traditional uncompressed RGB Camera source - “Digital Negative” master Most digital archive techniques recommend uncompressed images Uncompressed 4K files are massive (2.7 TB/hour) Compressed files have been problematic CineForm embeds decoder source in all data files Extract Source Build Decoder Decode and Reconstruct data file Uncompressed Image + Metadata © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

SI-2K and CineForm RAW Collaboration for optimized workflow 9/20/2018 2:49 AM SI-2K and CineForm RAW Collaboration for optimized workflow RAW Shoot followed immediately by RT RAW editing Camera metadata designed for flexible post Readjust camera parameters in post SI-2K is Bayer Pattern Camera 2K (2048 x 1152) and HD (1080p / 720p) Super 16 sensor uses film lenses Integrated or tethered (to laptop) recording CineForm RAW works with any Bayer camera Configurations up to 4K at 12-bit precision © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

In Summary…. RAW cameras and workflows are rapidly emerging Post workflow can be problematic CineForm addresses both recording and RT online post Showing in demo room: SI-2K with CineForm RAW Prospect 2K online, real-time RAW workflow © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

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CineForm RAW Camera Processing Traditional In-Camera Processing - Destructive Image Sensor(s) White Balance Color Matrix YUV Conversion In-Camera Compression HDCam DVCPRO HD HDV o CineForm RAW™ Camera Processing – Non-Destructive Bayer Pattern Image Sensor CineForm RAW Encode CineForm RAW files: - 2K: 10-15 MB/sec 4K: 25–35 MB/sec Flexible Metadata structure Infinite Archive Stream AVI, MOV (soon), MXF (later) Metadata White Balance Color Matrix 3D LUT File Deconstruction Rules Shot Parameters Other…. © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM

CineForm RAW in Post 9/20/2018 2:49 AM © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. Post-Production with Prospect HD Maintain CineForm RAW Digital Negative as base layer During editing, apply de-Bayer filter and color matrix as RT effects, but don’t “flatten” layers 0 and 1 After desired look is achieved, then “flatten” the layers (“develop” the images) Layer 2 RT Effects & Transitions Layer 1 De-Bayer and Color Matrix Layer 0 CineForm RAW Digital Negative In-Camera Processing - Digital Negative - Post-Production Distribution CineForm RAW Coding “Large” Bayer Sensor NLE Premiere Pro Distribute using traditional formats Prospect HD Prospect HD Real-time, multi-stream editing on CineForm RAW digital negative Includes color correction, transitions, titles, etc Final step  Images are “developed” by flattening the layers – applying de-Bayer filter and color matrix “Developed” images are presented in traditional formats: CineForm, YUV, RGB, Cineon, etc. © Copyright 2007 CineForm, Inc. 9/20/2018 2:49 AM