Installation of Non-Required Equipment Presented to: AEA Rotorcraft Forum By: Mark Wiley Date: January 24, 2013

Outline What is Non-Required Equipment? Regulatory Basis Installation Assessment Configuration Control Policy and Guidance Non- required equipment can pose a hazard to the rotorcraft, crew and passengers This briefing will define what is non-required equipment Will identify a sample of requirements that should be addressed to meet the applicable FARs I’ll review a laser installation example and the potential hazards of the laser system on the rotorcraft, crew, passengers, maintainers, and Joe Public

What is Non-Required Equipment Equipment that is not required by Rotorcraft Airworthiness Rules: Parts 27 and 29 Operating Rules: Parts 91, 133, or 135, etc. Has some Declared Intended Use or Function / Mission benefit Passenger comfort or entertainment Mission equipment It does not include enhancements to required equipment 27 Normal Category 29 Transport Category

Regulatory Basis Applicable Regulations Intended Use 1301 Function Hazard Assessment 1309 Failure Conditions Other airworthiness regulations that apply 1351, 1357 as an example

Regulatory Basis 1301 (intended use or function) Applicant is afforded quite a bit of leeway in this area. Clearly define what the system or equipments intended purpose is. Or the inverse i.e. what it won’t do or is not intended for use as. Proposed limitations for the aircraft crew or equipment when it is installed Loss of function will typically have no safety effect Address any required training

Regulatory Basis 1309 (Hazard Assessment) Equipment poses no hazard to the aircraft, crew or passengers Loss of the equipment/function Equipment malfunction or failure Equipment does not pose a hazard to other aircraft or personnel on the ground Software and complex electronic hardware design assurance Design assurance levels should be commensurate with the Failure or malfunction hazard classification Not for Loss of Function if there is no safety effect If a safety effect is identified, appropriate design assurance levels are required Example of externally mounted wire strike laser detection system 27.251, page 16 – If excessive vibrations are incurred during the flight test, how will this be determined? Are there any plans to do a rap test to ensure that the natural frequency of the installation is not near any critical frequencies of the helicopter? 29.501 – Landing gear deflection – 29.1309 – Cat B the equipment must be designed to prevent hazards to the rotorcraft if they malfunction or fail. Cat A failure condition which would prevent the continued flight and landing of the rotorcraft is extremely improbable. The occurrence of any other failure condition which would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the rotorcraft is improbable. Section 29.1309 does not apply to the functional aspects of aircraft non-safety related equipment such as entertainment systems, hoists, Forward Looking Infrared systems (FLIR), or emergency medical equipment such as defibrillators, etc. However, it does apply to hazards to the rotorcraft, its occupants, and flight crew introduced by the installation/presence of this type of equipment/systems (e.g., Electromagnetic-Interference considerations, fire hazards, and failure of the electrical system fault protection scheme) approved as part of the type design. 1353 Electrical equipment, controls, and wiring must be installed so that operation of any one unit or system of units will not adversely affect the simultaneous operation of any other electrical unit or system essential to safe operation. Additionally, wiring installation design should be documented sufficiently to maintain configuration control for manufacturing and to assure that the electromagnetic characteristics remain the same as the certification sample. The battery’s capacity must be sufficient to supply the required current, at a voltage level that allows proper operation of the equipment/functions dependent on battery power. This capacity must be shown to be sufficient, at the proper voltage levels, for all operational and environmental conditions. Helicopters approved for IFR operations require sufficient battery power to operate a minimum set of required equipment for a time long enough to find a suitable place to land and effect a safe landing. The minimum time for IFR is 30 minutes. Additionally, for helicopters that employ electrical power for starting, the battery must have sufficient capacity to provide adequate engine starting on the ground, and also to have the capability to provide power for the air start function, when required. The power requirement for air start could have high-level safety considerations depending on the helicopter’s power distribution system and the number of engines. radio and navigation equipment does not interfere with operation of any other required avionics

Installation Assessment System safety and environmental assessment To identify and categorize any potential hazards (based on FHA) To limit the scope of the certification and determine the extent of environmental, ground and flight testing Laboratory Qualification Equipment performance verified in operational environments Operational limitations and placards may be required 29.853 (a)(4) Except for electrical wire and cable insulation, and for small parts (such as knobs, handles, rollers, fasteners, clips, grommets, rub strips, pulleys and small electrical parts that would not contribute to the propagation of a fire 27.853 Compartment Interiors - The materials must be at least flame-resistant

Installation Considerations Does the equipment interface with required equipment? Where will the equipment be located? Is the equipment a potential source (e.g. clocked processor, transmitter) of radiated and/or conducted electromagnetic interference? What is the flammability potential of the equipment? What are the electrical power requirements for the equipment? Does the equipment have its own battery? 29.853 (a)(4) Except for electrical wire and cable insulation, and for small parts (such as knobs, handles, rollers, fasteners, clips, grommets, rub strips, pulleys and small electrical parts that would not contribute to the propagation of a fire 27.853 Compartment Interiors - The materials must be at least flame-resistant 29.727 Reserve Energy Absorption – the external accessories should not contact the ground

Configuration Control Need configuration control of COTS equipment for subsequent installations or parts replacement Provides process for reporting any changes to certified equipment to ensure airworthiness for follow-on installations Options Lifetime buy Type design source control drawing and test procedure Source control drawing defines critical COTS characteristics (e.g. dimensions, weight, power, battery, case material, performance, electrical or mechanical interface) COTS critical characteristics conformity inspection Test procedure Verify that the COTS meets the critical power, performance and interface requirements Aircraft installation check EMC Aircraft Interfaces

Policy and Guidance AC 20-168, Certification Guidance for Installation of Non-Essential, Non-Required Aircraft Cabin Systems and Equipment References RTCA/DO-313, Certification Guidance for Installation of Non-Essential, Non-Required Aircraft Cabin Systems and Equipment AC 20-177, Design and Installation Guidance for an Airborne System for Non-Required Telecommunications Service in Non-Aeronautical Frequency Bands AC 27-1B, Certification of Normal Category Rotorcraft AC 29-2C, Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft

Non-Required Equipment Questions ?