By: Jose Angelo M. Apdian Grade 8 – Nelson Mandela Climate Change By: Jose Angelo M. Apdian Grade 8 – Nelson Mandela

Introduction to Climate Change a change in global or regional climate patterns, increases carbon dioxide (CO2) en.wikipedia.org americablog.com

Has the world’s climate been constant? Yes Climate's changed before Climate is always changing. We have had ice ages and warmer periods when alligators were found in Spitsbergen. 700 thousand years ago i2.wp.com

The Milankovitch Cycle Changes in the Earth's orbit brought about by astronomical variations have a strong impact on Earth’s climate. They serve as the pacemaker for the glacial-interglacial cycles over the Quaternary  ossfoundation.us/ skepticalscience.com

Glacial – Interglacial cycle geo.arizona.edu

Glacial – Interglacial cycle Glacial period is an interval of time within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacial period is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates consecutive glacial periods.

Climate – Feedback Mechanism Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity Negative feedback reduces it.  nasa.gov

Positive – feedback Mechanisms Warmer surface temperature Increased rates of evaporation Increase atmospheric pressure Water Vapor concentration Is a greenhouse gas Melting ice pack Decreases the ability of Earth’s surface to reflect incoming solar radiation http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

Negative – feedback mechanisms Higher temperature Increases the ability of atmosphere to reflect the incoming solar radiation Effects Rivers drying up Lands drying up People are having diseases songwriterstipjar.files.wordpress.com

The Mauna Loa Curve Since 1958, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere  has been measured daily at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii eoearth.org

The Mauna Loa Curve upload.wikimedia.org

Changes in the Arctic For nearly 30 years, Arctic sea ice extent and thickness have fall dramatically Arctic Sea Ice A sensitive climate indicator Life span 1979 - 2010 http://nas-sites.org/

Increasing instances of severe weather Extreme heatwaves and heavy rain storms are already happening with increasing regularity worldwide because of manmade climate change, according to new research. spc.noaa.gov

Changes in precipitation levels According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) increasing average global temperatures will result in a number of impacts to the hydrological cycle, including changes in precipitation. media-1.web.britannica.com/ theclimatechangeclearinghouse.org

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References Earth Science, 13th edition by Trabuck et al., 2012 (pp 652-663) Climate by Zack Guido (http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/climate/global/past-present) Climate Change: How do We Know? by Holly Shaftel (http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/) Causes of Climate Change (http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/climate/causes.htm) Canada’s Action on Climate Change (http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=en&n=65CD73F4-1) http://www.theclimatechangeclearinghouse.org/ spc.noaa.gov media-1.web.britannica.com/ theclimatechangeclearinghouse.org http://nas-sites.org upload.wikimedia.org eoearth.org i2.wp.com americablog.com en.wikipedia.org