Lesson #9 MCTS 70-680 Cert Guide Microsoft Windows 7, Configuring Chapter 9 Configuring TCP/IP

Chapter 9 Objectives Understand TCP/IP Protocol. Configure TCP/IP Version 4. Configure TCP/IP Version 6. Resolve IPv4 and IPv6 Network Connectivity Issues.

Understanding TCP/IP Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Suite Governs Transmission of Data Across Computer Networks and the Internet. Version 4 Uses 32-Bit Address Space Approaching Exhaustion. Version 6 Uses 128-Bit Addressing, Which Provides Practically an Infinite Number of Possible Addresses. Benefits of IPv6 Include: Efficient Hierarchical Addressing Scheme. Simpler Routing Tables. Stateful and Stateless. Improved Security. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are installed at the same time. The Protocols included in TCP/IP include Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol, Internet Protocol, Internet Control Messaging Protocol, and Address Resolution Protocol.

Configuring TCP/IP Version 4 Each Network Interface Requires Address Information: IP Address Is a 32-Bit Address Identifying the Host on the Subnet. Subnet Mask Applied to IP Address to Determine Network ID and Host ID. Default Gateway is Destination IP Address for Data Meant for Other Subnets. DNS Server Used for Name Resolution. WINS Server Resolves NetBIOS Names. IP Address and Subnet Mask are required TCP/IP Settings. Others are optional. All entered in dotted decimal notation. A host is a node on the network.

Static IP Version 4 Addressing A Static IP Address Is Permanently Assigned. Some Computer Roles Require Static IP Addresses. IP Addresses Categorized as Classes A, B, C, D, E, and Loopback. First Octet of IP Address Determines the Class. Each Class Has Default Subnet Mask That Determines Network Portion vs. Host Portion of IP Address. Expressing IP Addresses and Subnet Masks in Binary Masks Network Bits. Depending on Class, there may be more networks with fewer hosts per network, or less networks, with more hosts per network. Table 9-3 breaks down the range, usage, and scope of each IP Address class.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIDR Allows Reuse of Some Unused Addresses, and Permits Subnetting. Classful IP Addressing May Be Wasteful. CIDR Notation Expresses Bits Used for Mask. CIDR Notation expresses Masked Bits after a forward slash. For example: 192.168.1.0/24 means that 24 bits of the subnet mask are used to indicate those bits of the IP Address are part of the host id.

Private IPv4 Network Addresses Some Networks Are Specified as Private. Internet Routers Will Not Forward Data Containing These Addresses. Ranges of Private IP Addresses: First Octet 10. First Two Octets 172.16. First Two Octets 192.168. Table 9-4 contains Number of Networks, and Number of Hosts per Network for each Private IP Address.

Dynamic IP Addressing Provided to Host by DHCP Server. IP Configuration Information Is Leased. On Windows 7, Select Option to Obtain IP Address Automatically to Obtain Dynamic IP Address.

Connecting to a Network Network and Sharing Center: Centralized location for configuring network properties. Five different ways to open Network and Sharing Center.

Configuring TCP/IPv4 General Tab Permits IP Addressing Statically or Dynamically: From Network and Sharing Center, Change Adapter Settings, Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4). Ip Address May be set Statically or Dynamically. Screen shot shows Dynamic configuration. Static settings include IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, Preferred DNS Server, Alternate Configuration. More than one IP Address may be assigned to a Network Adapter. APIPA assigns IP Addresses to Windows if no DHCP Server is available, and is only useful in small networks.

Configuring TCP/IP Version 6 IPv6 Address Syntax Divides Address into 16-Bit Blocks. Each Block Is a Four-Digit Hexadecimal Number, called Colon-Hexadecimal. Unicast IPv6 Addresses Represent a Single Interface. Multicast Addresses Represent Multiple Interfaces. Anycast Addresses Represent Multiple Interfaces, and Packets Are Delivered to a Single Network Interface That Represents the Nearest Interface Identified by the Address. IPv6 Address Classes and Subclasses listed in Table 9-5

Configuring TCP/IP Version 6 Internet Protocol Version 6 Properties Dialog Box: IPv6 permits static or dynamic IP Addressing. Name resolution configuration is similar to IPv4. IPv6 cannot be removed, but it can be disabled.

Resolving IPv4 and IPv6 Connectivity Issues Network and Sharing Center Networking Problem Troubleshooter: LAN status may be diagnosed through Local Area Connection Status.

Ipconfig Ipconfig Displays Summary Information on IP Configuration of Adapters: Demonstrate Ipconfig switches: /all displays comprehensive information, /release and /renew (for versions 4 or 6) troubleshoot DHCP, /displaydns displays contents of DNS cache.

Other Utilities Nbtstat Used on NetBIOS over TCP/IP Networks to Check Name Resolution. Netstat Checks Status of Current IP Connections. Nslookup Communicates with DNS Server. Ping Determines Connectivity with Another Host. Tracert Provides Detailed Information About Path Between Two IP Hosts. Pathping Tests Connectivity to Remote Host and Maps Route.

Microsoft Troubleshooting Procedure Verify Hardware Is Functioning. Run Ipconfig /all to Validate Information. Ping Loopback to Validate TCP/IP Is Functioning. Ping Computer’s Own IP Address to Eliminate Duplicate IP Address Problem. Ping Default Gateway. Ping Host Not on Your Network Segment.

Network Discovery Check That Network Discovery Tool Has Not Been Turned Off: For computers to be able to connect to one another, Network Discovery should not be turned off at the source or destination computer.

Chapter 9: Summary TCP/IP Is a Protocol Suite for Internet and Local Connectivity. Both Versions 4 and 6 Are Supported by Windows 7. IPv4 May Be Configured with IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Other Settings Statically and Dynamically. IPv6 Is Enabled by Default and May Be Disabled. IP Troubleshooting Tools Include Ipconfig, Network and Sharing Center Troubleshooter, and Microsoft Troubleshooting Procedure. Next Lesson: Chapter 10, “Configuring Network and Firewall Settings”