Lee, Jung-Woo Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science Can Machine Become a Scientist? - Computational Approaches to Scientific Discovery Lee, Jung-Woo Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science 2018-09-20

Introduction(1/2) Context of Discovery & Context of Justification Context of discovery : intuition ->Psychology Context of justification : deduction ->Philosophy Construct hypotheses Conceive new idea Put forward theories Test theory 2018-09-20

Introduction(2/2) Three Basic Development toward Computational Approaches Cognitive Psychology Artificial Intelligence New Trends in Philosophy of Science 2018-09-20

Research on Machine Discovery(1/2) AM(Lenat, 1979) BACON(Langley&Zytkow, 1983-1989) GLAUBER(Langley et al, 1983) STAHL(Langley et al.,1983) ABACUS(Falkenhainer&Michalski, 1986) KEKADA(Kulkarni&Simon, 1988, 1990) ECHO(Thagard, 1989, 1990) FAHENHEIT(Langley&Zytkow, 1989) PHINEAS(Falkenhainer, 1990) IDS(Nordhausen&Langley, 1990) 2018-09-20

Research on Machine Discovery(2/2) Task of Empirical Discovery Given. A Set of observations or data Find. One or more general laws that summarize those data 2018-09-20

BACON(1/4) Induction of numeric laws from experimental data Sequence of Law formation Functional dependency Empirical Law Fitting Curve to Data BACON : From functional dependency to Empirical Law 2018-09-20

BACON(2/4) Three Basic Heuristics Constant : If the values of a term are constant, then infer that the term always has that value Increase : If the values of two numerical terms increase together, then consider their ratio Decrease : If the values of one term increase as those of another decrease, then consider their product 2018-09-20

BACON(3/4) Induction of Kepler’s third law : D : Planet’s distance from the sun P : Period Data obeying Kepler’s third law of planetary motion 2018-09-20

BACON(4/4) General Features Theoretical terms : state laws in simple forms Data-driven heuristics Recursive method 2018-09-20

IDS(1/2) Formulate both qualitative laws and quantitative laws Qualitative Schemas : consists of finite state diagram in which successive state represent succeeding intervals of time 2018-09-20

IDS(2/2) Qualitative Schema Black’s Law : Qualitative Schema for Black’s law 2018-09-20

Critical Review(1/3) Success of BACON Requirement of Hypotheses Suggest the possibility of computable heuristic Computer program that generate new concept or qualities Requirement of Hypotheses Observation->Analyze->Generalization->Test Computer program lacks hypotheses 2018-09-20

Critical Review(2/3) From Scientific Group Cooperative and Communicative Aspects of Scientific research Insight from history of science Three patterns of scientific discovery data-driven, explanation-driven, coherence-driven 2018-09-20

Critical Review(3/3) 2018-09-20