Reading Journal Articles Critically This workshop will: Introduce you to the idea of critiquing and analysis tools Show you how to apply one model of reading analysis Highlight how to find gaps in author’s logic and points to critique Louise Livesey Academic Skills Adviser 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice The Plan… Understanding critiquing tools Applying the Code to introductions Identifying gaps or points to critique in research articles This booklet extensively adapts from Shon (2012) 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 1.Understanding critiquing tools Critiquing tools understand how research is done and what it has found out assess the quality of research by questioning what has been written 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

2 examples of critiquing tools 1.Understanding critiquing tools 2 examples of critiquing tools Quantitative research: Coughlan et al (2007) Qualitative and quantitative: Adapted from Caldwell et al (2011) 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Dr. Philip Shon’s Coding System 1.Understanding critiquing tools Dr. Philip Shon’s Coding System 14 acronyms Right hand margins Full code in booklet 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Race, gender, and the newsworthiness of homicide incidents 2. Applying the Code to Introductions Race, gender, and the newsworthiness of homicide incidents Paragraph 1: SPL, GAP Paragraph 2: CPL, GAP Paragraph 3: RAT Paragraph 4: WTD, RAT, GAP Flow SPL GAP CPL GAP RAT WTD RAT GAP 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Activity 1: Wheeled Mobile Robots 2. Applying the Code to Introductions Activity 1: Wheeled Mobile Robots Wheeled Mobile Robots (WMR) constitute a class of mechanical systems characterized by kinematic constraints that are not integrable and cannot therefore be eliminated from the model equations. 2.The consequence is that the standard planning and control algorithms developed for robotic manipulators without constraints are no more applicable. 3.This has given rise recently to an abundant literature dealing with the derivation of planning and control algorithms especially dedicated to specific simplified kinematic models of ‘trailer-like’ or ‘car-like’ rigid WMR (see, for instance and among many other relevant publications, [1]-[8]). 4.However, commercial WMRs available on the market have generally a constructive structure which is much more complex than the simple models usually considered (for instance, robots with three or four motorized steering wheels) and for which the modelling issue (which is often a prerequisite to motion planning and control design) is still a relevant question. SPL GAP 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Activity 1: Wheeled Mobile Robots 2. Applying the Code to Introductions Activity 1: Wheeled Mobile Robots 1.The aim of the present paper is to give a general and unifying presentation of the modelling issue of WMR. 2.Several examples of derivation of kinematic and/or dynamic models for WMR are available in the literature, for particular proto-types of mobile robots (see, for instance, [9]-[11] and [1]), as well as for general robots equipped with wheels of several types. 3.A systematic procedure for model derivation can be found in [12] and [13]. 4.In this paper we also consider a general WMR, with an arbitrary number of wheels of various types and various motorizations. 5.Our purpose is to point out the structural properties of the kinematic and dynamic models, taking into account the restriction to the robot mobility induced by the constraints. 6.By introducing the concepts of degree of mobility and of degree of steeribility, we show that, notwithstanding the variety of possible robot constructions and wheel configurations, the set of WMR can be partitioned in 5 classes. 7.This analysis is carried out in Section II and illustrated in Section III with practical examples of robots belonging to the five classes. 8.We then introduce four different kinds of state space models that are of interest for the understanding of the behaviour of WMR. SPL WTD RAT ROF 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Activity 1: Wheeled Mobile Robots 2. Applying the Code to Introductions Activity 1: Wheeled Mobile Robots 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Activity 1: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 2. Applying the Code to Introductions Activity 1: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 1.Most physiotherapists either have encountered, or will encounter, a challenging case of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), often, but not necessarily following a patient’s injury, myocardial infarction, or stroke (De Mos 2007, Velman 1993). 2.Traditionally, physiotherapy treatments have focussed mostly on attempted modification or management of peripheral symptoms, often with limited efficacy. 3.More recently, spurred by scientific advances identifying the significant role of the central nervous system in the pathogenesis of CRPS, techniques which focus on central processes, including mirror therapy, Graded Motor Imagery, tactile discrimination training and exposure therapy have been explored in one guise or another. 4.However, there is little in the literature as to how these worlds of scientific evidence and best clinical practice come together. 5.This paper addresses and attempts to bridge this divide, reviewing the scientific research that informs our adoption of these novel treatment techniques. SPL CPL & GAP RAT & WTD 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Activity 1: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 2. Applying the Code to Introductions Activity 1: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome SPL CPL GAP RAT WTD 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 3. Identifying Gaps or Points to Critique MOP: Missed Obvious Point to earlier literature POC: Point of Critique re any gaps or limitations RPP: Relevant Point to Pursue to use for your purposes 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice References Bastin, G., Campion, G, and D’Andréa-Novel, B. (1996) Structural properties and classification of kinematic and dynamic models of wheeled mobile robots. IEEE transactions on robotics and automation. Vol. 12 (1) Feb 47-62. http://perso.uclouvain.be/georges.bastin/paper37.pdf Accessed 17 July 2014. Caldwell, K., Henshaw, L., and Taylor, G. (2011) Developing a framework for critiquing health research: an early evaluation. Nurse education today. Vol. 31 (8) e1-e7. Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., and Ryan, F. (2007) Step-by-step guide to critiquing research – Part 1: quantitative research. British journal of nursing. Vol. 16 (11) 658-663. Gruenewald, J., Pizarro, J., and Chermak, S. (2009) Race, gender, and the newsworthiness of homicide incidents. Journal of criminal justice. (37) 262–272. file:///C:/Users/lclivese/Desktop/Predicting%20Crime%20Story%20Salience.pdf Accessed 17 May 2014. Pollard, C. (2013). Physiotherapy management of complex regional pain syndrome. New Zealand journal of physiotherapy. Vol. 41(2) July 65-72 http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1661dca1-fb3d-4e3a-b91e-3a0b80676ae9%40sessionmgr198&vid=2&hid=125 Accessed 17 July 2014. Pritchard, D. and Hughes, K. (1997) Patterns of deviance in crime news. Journal of communication. Vol:47 (3) Summer 49-67. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1997.tb02716.x/pdf Accessed 17 May 2014. Shumaker, D. and Prinz, R. (2000) Children who murder: a review. Clinical child and family psychology review. Vol. 3. (2) 97-115 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1009560602970#page-1 Accessed 3 June 2014. Shon, P. (2012) How to read journal articles in social science. London: Sage Publications Ltd. 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice Service Where are we? Chesham Building B0.23. Give us a call or come speak to us Mon-Fri Who am I? Louise, the dedicated workshop adviser. Who can help me with study and writing skills? Lucy and Russell run Instant Advice Monday-Friday 10am-4pm and Writing Skills Clinics three times a week. You can also access self-help resources on our website www.brad.ac.uk/academic-skills Who can give me maths advice? Helen and Michael specialise in Maths support for students though clinics and pre-booked appointments. How do I get in touch? Email: academic-skills@brad.ac.uk Telephone: 01274 236849 http://www.brad.ac.uk/academic-skills/induction/ 20/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice Any questions? Produced by Louise Livesey December 2015 13 January, 2015 Academic Skills Advice