The FAIR Project Physics Programme of FAIR CBM PANDA NUSTAR Pixel Detectors at FAIR Joachim Stroth, Univ. Frankfurt/GSI April 2008, Ringberg The FAIR Project Physics Programme of FAIR CBM PANDA NUSTAR

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR = International Accelerator Facility 'next' to GSI Germany Hessen Austria Finland India China Romania Slovenia Poland Russia Spain Sweden UK Shares not yet defined 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

FAIR Research Highlights QCD-Phase Diagram: Nuclear & QGP Matter (CBM) HI beams 2 to 45 GeV/u; ca. 390 users SIS 100/300 GSI today Future facility Hadron Structure, QCD-Vacuum and Medium (PANDA) Stored and cooled antiprotons up to 15 GeV/c, ca. 520 users SIS 18 UNILAC Physics of Dense Bulk Plasmas Ion-beam bunch compression & high-energy petawatt-laser; ca. 250 users 100 m CBM ESR Rare-Isotope Production Target Antiproton Super FRS Fundamental Symmetries & Ultra-High EM Fields Antiprotons and highly stripped ions; ca. 250 users HESR PP / AP Nuclear Structure & Nuclear Astrophysics (NUSTAR) RI beams from high-energy fragmentation; ca. 700 users Materials Science and Radiation Biology, etc. (Ion & antiproton(?) beams; ca. 350 users FLAIR RESR CR Accelerator Physics High intensity beams,beam cooling, beam compression NESR 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Hadron and Nuclear Matter Physics at FAIR FAIR will provide intense beams of stored and cooled antiprotons, slowly extracted heavy ions, and, due to the storage and stretcher ring concept, a a high degree of parallel running! Two general purpose experiments will operate at interaction rates of up to 20 (10) MHz. New detector concept: Self triggered detectors/read-out systems with time stamping. Highly-parallel read-out and real-time feature extraction for higher level event selection. CBM – Nuclear Matter Physics PANDA – Hadron Physics 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 Radioactive Ion Beam Programme Anti Proton Beam Programme Plasma Physics Beam Programme Relat. Ion Beam Programme 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Strategy and Realization Beam intensities by factors of 100 - 10000 Beam energies by a factor 20 Production of antimatter beams Factor 10000 in beam brilliance via cooling Efficient parallel operation of programs Gain Factors GSI today Future facility SIS 100/300 SIS 18 UNILAC Construction in three phases until 2016 Total cost 1.2 B€ Scientific users: 2500 - 3000 per year Construction Period, Cost, Users ESR HESR Super FRS 65 % Federal Government of Germany 10 % State of Hessen 25 % Partner Countries  FAIR GmbH with International Shareholders Financing CR RESR 100 m NESR 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 FAIR Start Event: November 7, 2007 A splendid perspective and eminent challenge ! 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment CBM High rate, large acceptance detector system Excellent particle identification High-resolution tracking in a compact dipol field right after the target (Silicon) Flexible arragement of PID detectors and calorimeters High bandwidth DAQ with high level event selection 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

The Physics Program of CBM Deconfinement phase transition at high B excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, , , , ) excitation function and flow of charm (J/ψ, ψ', D0, D, c) melting of J/ψ and ψ' QCD critical endpoint excitation function of event-by-event fluctuations (K/π,...) The equation-of-state at high B collective flow of hadrons particle production at threshold energies (open charm?) Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B in-medium modifications of hadrons (,, e+e-(μ+μ-), D) 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Particle Production in HI Collisions (Transport Calculation) GSI FAIR as indicated in the beginning: in medium modifications not only measured in light-vector mesons but also D‘s! [W. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691 (2001) 745] 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

(Preliminary) Requirements CBM Micro Vertex Detector Excellent secondary vertex resolution (~50 µm) in a environment of up to 1000 charged tracks Excellent spatial resolution (~5 µm) Very low material budget (few 0.1 % X0) Detectors in vacuum A good time resolution to minimize event pile-up: ~ 10 µs (Phase 1) < 1 µs (Ultimate) Very good radiation tolerance > 1013 neq / cm² / year (beginning) > 1015 neq / cm² / year (ultimate) Central Au + Au collision (25 AGeV) 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Open Charm Measurements Performance studies open charm reconstruction Most challenging case for the spectrometer Cooling represents substantial fraction of the material budget.of the MVD Trade read-out speed vs. sensitivity (S/B). < 0.5 X0 per layer essential 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 Radiation Level Primary Beam: 25 AGeV Au Ions (up to 109/s) Primary vertex Secondary Detector 1 Detector2 Target (Gold) z mm Dose [neq / cm2 / coll. ] BEAM δ- electrons produced in the target Bulk damage by non-ionizing radiation dominating Cryogenic operation up to 1014 neq/cm²/year Replace MVD after each run? 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

A MAPS based MVD for CBM: Demonstrator Artistic view on the CBM-MVD S. Belogurov et. al 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Running Scenario for Open Charm Phase 1: Exploratory measurements (starting 2015): Beam intensity 1 – 10% of nominal value Measurements at high beam energies (high cross sections) Measure bulk properties and low-mass vector mesons Collective properties difficult to address (low statistics) In reach of “conventional” detector technology: CMOS-MAPS => Innovations may help Phase 2 (Ultimate): Full Beam intensity (107 Au+Au Coll. @ 15-35 AGeV) Address low beam energies (sub threshold production?) Collect high statistics Requires novel pixel detector technology: 3D-VLSI? 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Reconstruction of the Low-mass Electron Pair Signal Goal Excitaion function of excess yield from 1 to 45 AGeV Challenge Background due to material budget of the STS Sufficient p discrimination (missidentification <10-4) Reduction of background by reconstructing pairs from g-conversion and p-Dalitz decay Identified e+e- (central 25 AGeV Au+Au) After all cuts applied (central 25 AGeV Au+Au) Track Segment Identified e+/- Track Fragment Fake pair 8 per Au+Au event 3 per Au+Au event (central, 25 AGeV) 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 The Silicon Tracking Station of CBM 1 T dipole magnet 8 tracking stations microstrip detectors: thin, passive, high spatial resolution double-sided detectors (default) single-sided detectors in 16 stations: under study 1 m 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 Silicon Tracking Station for CBM (R&D) New "Technology wafer" under production at CIS: Focus on radiation hardness. Micro-strip detector prototype CBM01, GSI-CIS (2007). Charge, Strip ” k” Charge, Strip “k+1” First CBM01 detector tests @ KINR. Detector test board under production at GSI. Detector design & technology characterization, MSU Moscow. Analog readout cable, first pre-prototype. SE SRTIIE Kharkov. 55 cm long, 1024 lines, 100 µm pitch 14 µm Al on 10 µm Kapton CBM xyter FE chip based on n-xyter. 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008 The Physics Program of PANDA Meson spectroscopy light mesons charmonium exotic states glueballs hybrids molecules/multiquarks open charm Baryon/antibaryon production Charm in nuclei Double L Hypernuclei Time-like electromagnetic form factors of the proton Generalized Parton Distributions 2 4 6 8 12 15 10 p Momentum [GeV/c] Mass [GeV/c2] 1 3 5 ΛΛ ΣΣ ΞΞ ΛcΛc ΣcΣc ΞcΞc ΩcΩc ΩΩ DD DsDs qqqq ccqq nng,ssg ccg ggg,gg light qq π,ρ,ω,f2,K,K* cc J/ψ, ηc, χcJ ggg 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Layout of the PANDA Pixel Barrel 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Simulated doses in the PANDA MVD Slightly relaxed requirements compared to CBM neq/cm2 _1014 _1013 _1012 pp at 10 GeV/c pPb at 4.05 GeV/c 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Material Budget PANDA MVD ~700mm Si (equiv.) per pixel layer 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

PANDA MVD Prototyping (Torino group) 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

EXl Silicon Recoil Detector (ESPA) 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams RIB Reactions in complete kinematics Target Recoil Detector High Resolution measurement Target Tracker Calorimeter Neutrons Protons Heavy fragments Large acceptance dipole 9/20/2018 J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008