The Crusades
What’s Wrong? Priests were marrying & having families Bishops sold positions in the church to raise money Kings appointed church bishops
Church Reforms Enforced laws against marriage & the selling of church positions Development of canon law, or church law (marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.) Collection of tithe
Identify… Holy Land: Jerusalem; point of contention during the Crusades Seljuk Turks: Turkish people who practiced Islam
Identify… Urban II: Catholic pope that began the Crusades Crusaders: Christians that fought during the Crusades
The Initial Spark In 1093, the Seljuk Turks threatened to conquer Christian lands in Europe…
Motives…why join? Religious zeal The hope for prestige, wealth & land The desire for adventure
Motives…of Church? Reclaim the Holy Land Increase power End fighting between Christian knights
The Battle Cry? “God wills it!” Significance: Crusaders felt that they were doing God’s will; provided a moral justification
The First Crusade Crusader armies captured Jerusalem and massacred Muslim & Jewish residents
The First Crusade As a result of their victory, Christians divided Jerusalem into 4 small feudal states; Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem & Tripoli
The Second Crusade Crusader armies attempted to recapture Edessa, a Christian city that had been captured by the Muslims Crusaders were DEFEATED
The Third Crusade “Crusade of Kings” Crusader armies unsuccessfully attempted to recapture Jerusalem The Muslims agreed to reopen Jerusalem to unarmed Christians TRUCE!
Results of Crusades BITTER LEGACY OF RELIGIOUS HATRED (Both Christians & Muslims committed horrible crimes in the name of religion Increased trade (new items, new trade routes, etc.)
Results of Crusades Growth of a money economy (the Crusades had to be FUNDED by $$$)
Results of Crusades Pope LOSES power The feudal system DECLINES & monarchs become STRONGER
And Finally… Many of the later Crusades proved unsuccessful; therefore, many people started to lose faith in the Catholic Church, as well as its leader…