Chapter 7 Give Me Liberty

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Established National governments ability to wage war, sign treaties, coin money, run post office Land Ordinance of 1785 Sale of land 36 sections of one square mile (640 acres) Land reserved for education (section 16) and veterans (8,11,26 &29)

Northwest Ordinance 0f 1787 Land north of Ohio River and East of Miss. River would be open Between 3 and 5 states Excluded slavery

GREAT COMPROMISE Roger Sherman Bicameral Congress with House of Reps based on population (VA Plan) and Senate based on one state = one vote (NJ Plan) Division of powers

THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE Next difficult issue: Slavery Southern states wanted slaves included in the population figures used to determine Representatives Northern states which had few slaves, disagreed Compromise was to count each slave as 3/5ths of a person

Changing the Articles Unanimous vote from all 13 colonies to amend AoC Delegates adopted 9 vote rule Individual state conventions

State Conventions Quickly signed by many (see page 193) Mass. signed after guarantee of Bill of Rights 9 states ratified by June of 1788 (6 months later) Officially adopted: June 21st, 1788 Holdouts: VA, NY, NC, RI Rhode island last in 1790

Federalists For Constitution The separation of powers into three independent branches protected the rights of the people. A listing of rights can be a dangerous thing. Hamilton, Adams, and Madison Controlled the Press

Anti -Federalists Anti-federalists Against Constitution Sam Adams, Henry, Lee too much power to the national government There was no bill of rights. The executive branch held too much power. Poorest classes

Federalist Papers John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton “Publius” 85 essays on how government would run best Pro-Constitution #10 – large republic #84 – against Bill of Rights #78 – judicial review

Bill of Rights Wrote to appease Anti-Federalists Drafted by James Madison