THE MIDDLE COLONIES 1

1. What kind of colonies were the earliest colonies? A joint-stock colonies B royal colonies C proprietary colonies D self-governing colonies 2. Which colony was the only originally governed royal colony? A Massachusetts B Delaware C North Carolina D Connecticut 3. What happened to many of the proprietary colonies? A They were made part of other colonies. B They became self-governing. C They became royal colonies. D They became joint-stock companies. 4. Which colonies never became royal colonies? A Massachusetts and Connecticut B Rhode Island and Delaware C Virginia and South Carolina D Connecticut and Rhode Island

DUTCH IN THE NEW WORLD 1625 – Settled in New Amsterdam Fur Trading w/ Indians Diverse Colony 18 languages spoken

DUTCH BUY MANHATTAN “Buy” Two boxes of trade goods (hatchets, cloth, melting pots, and bright beads) Equal 2,400 English Cents Equal $24

DUTCH IMPACT TODAY New York is a huge melting pot Dutch names still remain: Harlem, Brooklyn, Hell Gate Architecture still the same Dutch gave the New World – Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, sauerkraut, bowling, sledding, and golf 5

BIRTH OF NEW YORK King Charles II gives colony to his brother, James, Duke of York A “proprietary colony” Colony renamed New York New Amsterdam renamed New York City

NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY Had a diversified population: English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans Grew and prospered under English rule A treaty with the Iroquois protected the fur trade. The Duke of York gave the land south of the Hudson River to two of his political allies. They named it New Jersey. By early 1700s, New York and New Jersey became royal colonies.

NEW JERSEY’S FIRST ROYAL GOVERNOR Lord Cornbury was a cross dresser who enjoyed wearing his wife’s dresses!

WILLIAM PENN Extraordinary gift from the king in 1680 Kings debt = Huge piece of land for Penn Modern day states of Pennsylvania and Delaware Planned Colony as a save haven

A TOLERANT COLONY William Penn named his colony Pennsylvania and named the city Philadelphia, Greek for “City of Brotherly Love.” In the 1600s, wars in Europe ruined farms and trade, and religious clashes caused social upheaval. Penn offered refuge for Quakers and others suffering religious persecution. He offered opportunities and land at reasonable prices. German Protestant sects such as the Amish and Mennonites moved to Pennsylvania. French Protestants, called Huguenots, settled there, too.

DELAWARE In 1638 small colony of Swedes settled near present-day Wilmington, Delaware In 1655 the Dutch took over New Sweden. Later the colony was seized by England. William Penn persuaded the duke of York to make him the proprietor of an area along the Delaware River and bay. This was the area that would later became the colony of Delaware. Control of this waterway gave Pennsylvania access to the Atlantic Ocean

MIDDLE COLONIES ECONOMY BREAD BASKET COLONIES Farmers had many advantages: Rich soil Mild climate Long growing season Deep rivers 13

SHIPPING Many farmers shipped through Philadelphia and New York Via the Delaware river and the Hudson river

ALCOHOL Colonists were heavy drinkers Average white male colonist over the age of 15 drank the equivalent of one quart of 80-proof whiskey a week Believed alcohol was nutritious and healthy Even Puritans drank Most popular drinks were fermented cider and rum