Swiss Sports Development Policies 20/09/2018 STUDYING SPORTS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE Swiss Sports Development Policies Jean-Loup Chappelet IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration Brunel University, 25th April 2008

How did it all start? "Sport" starts in Switzerland as a purely private endeavour: 1824 Swiss Shooting Society (Société suisse des carabiniers) 1832 Swiss Gymnastics Society (175 year old!) 1863 Swiss Alpine Club 1874 Federal Military Law: Cantons must organise preparatory gymnastics courses for boys 10-20-year old to prepare them for military service; the Swiss Confederation organises shooting exercises for 18-20-year old 1874 establishment of the Federal Gymnastics Commission One of the oldest introduction of "Sport" in a European law

Rise of Modern Sports in Switzerland 1860 Lausanne Football and Cricket Club, first on continent 1879 Swiss Football Club St-Gallen Several “modern sports” organised at national level: 1883 Swiss Velocipede Union 1886 Swiss Rowing Federation 1895 Swiss Football Association and Swiss Athletics Federation 1896 Lawn Tennis Association Suisse 1898 Swiss Golf Association 1900 Swiss Equestrian Federation Organisations oriented towards competition and leisure French speaking Switzerland ahead, influenced by English schools and tourists But German gymnastics (Turnverein) still very strong

The slow acceptance of the word "sport" 1907 Federal Military law revision: Gymnastics becomes compulsory in schools and corporal development is encouraged after school 1912 Swiss Olympic Committee founded (without gymnastics) 1922 National Association for Physical Education (ANEP) 1930 Federal Gymnastics and Sport Commission 1930s First municipal sport policies 1938 Foundation of Swiss Sport-Toto Society 1944 Federal School for Gymnastics and Sport 1947 Sport is introduced in Federal Military law

The 1970s: a Federal law for sports 1970 Article in Constitution for gymnastics and sports Reasons mentioned (in that order) Public Health Defence Overall Education Proper organisation of leisure Honourable representation of Switzerland in international Competitions 1972 Federal law to encourage gymnastics and sports 3 hours-courses of gymnastics and sport per week in schools Support of gymnastics and sports for adults (subsidies to NGB) Financing of a Federal School for gymnastics and sports Consultation with cantons and sports governing bodies Subsidies for scientific research and sports facilities

The 1980s: Gymnastics fades away 1977 ANEP becomes ASS (Swiss Sport Association) Federal School of Gymnastics and Sports 1984 From Military to Interior Ministry 1985 Heinz Keller became director (until 2005) 1988 Federal School of Sport in Macolin / Magglingen 1989 Federal Sport Commission The Federal state involves itself more and more in sports development (for youth, senior, trainees; Macolin and Tenero become national training centres; anti-doping fight; Council of Europe activities) 5 revisions of the Federal law from 1985 to 2000

Federal Sport Policies from 1970-1980s PE teachers J+S tutors Scientific Research S t r u c t u r a l C o n d i t i o n s Sports Facilities Subsidies to NGB Club Members Youth Pupils > 20-year Sport for adults in clubs 10(14)-20-year Out-of-school Sport (J+S) 5-16-year School Sport (3 hours/week) SWISS POPULATION

The 1990s: organisational changes 1992 Bad results at Albertville and Barcelona Games: Decision to merge ASS and SOC 1997 Swiss Olympic Association (merge is effective) 1997 Federal School of Sport returns to Defence Ministry 1999 Federal School of Sport is split into Federal Office for Sport (OFSPO) Federal Institute of Sport in Macolin (attached to the Bern University of applied sciences) Many cantonal ministries include "sport" in their name and establish a cantonal office/policy for sports development

2000: The Swiss Government Sport Concept For a Swiss National Sport Policy. 5 main goals: Health: Increase the proportion of the Swiss population which is physically active Education: Use better the educational opportunities offered by sport Performance: Support young talents and elite sportspeople Economy: Foster the economic potential of sport by hosting events and global sports organisations Sustainable Development: Make sport a training field for the sustainable development of Swiss society New New New

Adold Ogi’s proactive attitude Minister of Defence and Sport Former Executive Director of Swiss Ski Federation Chairman of Sion 2006 Bid Committee First Adviser to the UN Secretary General on Sport for Development and Peace

Growing public subsidies for sport 20/09/2018 Growing public subsidies for sport (without school sport) Source: Finances publiques en Suisse, AFF 2007

From gymnastics to sporting / physical activities Preparatory gymnastics and shooting exercises (1874) Gymnastics and corporal development (1907) Olympism (1912) and Physical Education (1922) Gymnastics and sports (1972) Sport (1988) Sporting & physical activities (new Federal law 2009?)

New Swiss sports development policies 2008 Rest on Public-Public or Public-Private Partnerships: Swiss Talents Support for young talents and elite athletes (CH-SOA-NGB) Cool and Clean (to fight against tobacco, drug and alcohol addiction among young sportspeople) (CH-SOA-NGB) La Suisse bouge! (to foster physical activities) (CH-Municipalities) CISIN (Concept for National Sport Facilities) (CH-cantons-municipalities-private owners) Fight against doping (SOA-NADO-WADA) Hosting a large-scale events (CH-SOA)

Some research directions Applying the theories and tools of policy analysis to Swiss sports development policies Agenda setting Implementation Evaluation Studying particular policies Sports events hosting policies Cool and Clean campaign, National sports facilities, etc… Looking at delivery modes of sports development policies Public-private partnerships Multi-level governance of sports development policies in a federalist state

Swiss Sports Development Policies 20/09/2018 STUDYING SPORTS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE Swiss Sports Development Policies Jean-Loup Chappelet IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration Brunel University, 25th April 2008