New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

New Weapons Technology

3.2 New Spanish Claims, Slavery, and Exchange How did Spain wipe out the Natives and gain colonies? How did African Slavery Start? Where did different goods come from in terms of trade?

I. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II

The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

Other Significant Conquistadors Ponce de Leon- Florida? Balboa- Northern section of S. America Coronado- Cali All were looking for El Dorado – the City of Gold.

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony! Explorers Conquistadores Official European Colony! Missionaries Permanent Settlers

Encomienda System A colonist was given a certain amount of land and number of Native Americans to work the land. In exchange they had to teach them about Christianity. Mestizos (NA) and later Mulattos (A) Population loss.

II. Slavery- Ironic Cause Bartolome de Las Casas- upset with the encomienda system he promoted the use of Africans. Why?

The Slave Trade Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Slave Ship “Middle Passage”

“Coffin” Position Below Deck

African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

III. The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough

Treasures from the Americas!

The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

Impact of European Expansion Native populations ravaged by disease. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. Deepened colonial rivalries.