Monarchs, Slaves, and Exchanges 1/10

Warmup During Columbus’ trial, who ended up being guilty of the mass murder of the Taíno people?

Agenda Warmup Monarchs, Slaves, and Exchanges PPT & Notes

Absolute Monarchs Royal families in Europe increased their power during the Renaissance and the Reformation Most ruled as absolute monarchs They did NOT share their power with the people No parliaments to check the authority of the ruler When exploration began, most European governments were monarchies

Absolute Monarchs Absolute monarchs believed they ruled by divine right Believed they were appointed by God to rule over their subjects Did not have to answer to anyone but God Felt the people had an obligation to obey God’s representative on Earth

Characteristics of an Absolute Monarch Centralized government authority The power to govern came from God The nation was in their hands Public order came from the ruler Rulers made decisions without the consent of their people

Philip II of Spain Absolute monarch in Spain Attacked England in 1588 with the Spanish Armada (failed) Made government decisions without the consent of those he governed

“L’e’tat, c’est moi” – I am the state Louis XIV of France France was the most powerful nation in Europe during his reign Was called the “Sun King” and the “Grand Monarch” Built the Palace of Versailles and forced the nobles to live there so he could control them Made government decisions without the consent of those he governed “L’e’tat, c’est moi” – I am the state

Palace of Versailles

Palace of Versailles

Palace of Versailles

Peter the Great of Russia Most influential member of the Romanov family (which ruled from 1600’s-1917) Took away the power of the nobles and put the Russian Orthodox Church under his control Made government decisions without the consent of those he governed

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SLAVERY Slavery was part of African society Unlike in America, slavery was not hereditary in Africa Most slaves in Africa were prisoners of war between African tribes, but it grew into capturing any person to sell into slavery

THE DESIRE FOR AFRICANS 1. Native Americans died from diseases 2. Africans had some natural immunities to sicknesses 3. Experienced farmers 4. Were strangers in the New World The Cow Pox- Dr. Jenner used cowpox to inoculate people from dangerous smallpox. 1796, England

Atlantic Slave Trade from 1500 – 1870 10-13 million Africans sent to the Americas First imported by Portugal

MIDDLE PASSAGE A sea journey to bring slaves from West Africa to the West Indies Passage lasted 2-3 months Almost 50% died of disease, brutality & poor food quality

TRIANGULAR TRADE European trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe involving slaves and other goods

TRIANGULAR TRADE Slaves sent to West Indies where sugar, coffee, molasses and tobacco were bought New England shipped out cotton, rum, & tobacco

SLAVERY IN AMERICAS 1) PRIME FIELD HANDS 2) WORKED LONG DAYS 3) BECAME HEREDITARY 4) SLAVE UPRISINGS

CONSEQUENCES OF SLAVERY 1. Africa lost generations of the fittest members 2. Some tribes totally wiped out 3. Spread of African art, music & food 4. African population in U.S. & the rest of the Americas

The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade

Colony A colony is a country, area, or group of people under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country Example = English settlers came to America and the American colonies were governed by the British government

The Columbian Exchange The global transfer of goods and products that encouraged economic growth

Corn and Potatoes Most important items to travel from the Americas (the New World) to the rest of the world: corn and potatoes Inexpensive to grow Highly nutritious Had a significant role in boosting the population of the world

The Columbian Exchange Europeans brought plants and animals to the Americas Diseases brought by the Europeans had the largest impact on the Native Americans

Columbian Exchange Syphilis Turkeys Llamas Corn Potatoes Peanuts Beans Given by the Old World Smallpox Chicken Pox Common Cold Horses Cattle Pigs Rice Coffee Sugarcane Given by the New World Syphilis Turkeys Llamas Corn Potatoes Peanuts Beans Cacao (Chocolate)

Commercial Revolution Before the Commercial Revolution: Power was based on land and military power After the Commercial Revolution: A country’s power was equal to its wealth

The RISE OF FREE-ENTERPRISE Free enterprise: Economic system based on private ownership and investment of wealth for profit Root of the United States’ economic system European businesses flourished as a result of merchants investing money into trade and overseas exploration, and then investing the profit into other enterprises

Joint Stock Companies Joint stock companies are privately funded companies Investors pool their money to start a business Share the profits as well as the losses

DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY A famous joint stock company formed to establish trade & maintain control of trade in Asia = the Dutch East India Company Made money in trade Spices Indigo Tea Luxury items

Mercantilism Mercantilism Belief that a nation’s power was tied to two aspects: Wealth Colonies Two Options: Acquire gold Acquire colonies and develop a favorable balance of trade Mercantilism

Adam Smith Claimed that government should not interfere with the economy Wrote The Wealth of Nations in response to new wealth and power Developed his theories as a rejection of mercantilism

Favorable Balance of Trade Favorable balance of trade results from exporting more goods than are imported Imports Exports USA

*Colonies Colonies were linked with “mother countries” to provide raw goods in exchange for trade Helped mother countries maintain a favorable balance of trade Colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country N. America

Colonies Created a monopoly for imports sold in the colonies Britain first explored North America to increase their wealth and dominance over others France established “New France” to build a fur trade