AGE OF EXPLORATION UNIT 4

Modern Imperialism What technologies made this possible? Life in W. Europe changed greatly between 1400s-1750 Trade was a major factor W. Europe searched for new trade & alternative routes to Asian markets -Result: encountered lands previously unknown Spain & Portugal 1st started exploring What technologies made this possible?

Reasons for Exploration: Interest in other parts of the world New technology made these voyages possible -cartography, astrolabe, caravel Europe wanted products from Asia without paying high prices (Arabs, Ottomans, & Italian city-states controlled land routes) Desire for land & resources Desire for gold & glory Spread religion

Achievement/Area of Exploration Explorer Nation they sailed for Achievement/Area of Exploration Pizarro Cortez Magellan Ponce de Leon Cartier Chris Columbus Amerigo Vespucci

Results of Age of Exploration: 1. Established colonies around the globe -Spanish colonized most of Central & S. America -England colonized part of N. America -Many other European nations established colonies 2. War broke out over control of colonies -French and Indian War, defeat of Spanish Armada by England 3. European nations dominated native people from colonized countries Raw materials & markets from the colonies were used to make manufactured goods Age of exploration made possible by commercial revolution

Commercial Revolution -change in ways goods were bought and sold Growth of trade within Europe Increased capitalism (private property & profit making) -banking system started c. Atlantic Ocean center for economic activity instead of Mediterranean Sea d. Mercantilism: theory that nations should acquire overseas colonies b/c they could profit gold, silver, & raw materials

What did this do for nations? Made them rich and powerful With this wealth, nations build lg. armies & navies 3. Countries w/ colonies began exporting more than they imported 4. Increase in manufactured goods demand for good

Effects of Commercial Revolution W. European countries became rich & powerful Ex. England, Spain, France, & Portugal 2. Africans were bought and sold into slavery 3. Many Europeans began settling in colonies 4. European culture spread around the world

Europe encounters Africa, Asia, & the Americas -late 15th century (1400s) European counties rivaled each other for land and trade rights -charter companies like British East India Co. & Dutch East Indies Co. established monopolies (complete control of product or business) on trade * Set up trade posts along coast of Africa routing to Asia

Columbian Exchange -increase demand for agricultural goods & disease that killed millions of natives = slaves from Africa

Exploration of Spain & Portugal -1st to explore Americas, Africa, and Asia *location near coast was key -Spain gained Philippines -Portugal dominated trade in SE Asia Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain got all Americans except for what is Brazil today which went to Portugal

Spanish colonialism Conquistadores (Spanish explorers) were granted encomiendas (the right to demand labor from Native Americans) Native Americans were forced to do labor on plantations (lg. farms using dependent labor) & in mines, along w/ new diseases from Europe, such as small pox, killed millions of natives Spanish language & religion (Catholicism) were forced on natives Missionaries came over to convert natives

Spanish Colonialism What was one of the major cash crops grown on plantations in S. America and the Caribbean that used forced labor? Social Structure in Spanish Colonies Based on hierarchy w/ Spanish on top Peninsulares Creoles Mestizo Mulatto African slaves and Native Americans

Portuguese Colonialism Began w/ Prince Henry the Navigator Increased profits from sugar cane in Brazil & discovery of gold/diamonds Did not settle in lg. #s like Spanish Class divisions based more on economics than race Mixed native, African, and Portuguese Increase in African slaves to work on plantations Religious & Cultural beliefs of Africans mixed with Portuguese and local beliefs