GENE MUTATIONS aka point mutations.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Genetic Mutations Frame-shift and point mutations.

Advertisements

DNA molecule Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene 3 DNA template strand TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION mRNA Protein Codon Amino acid 1.

IUG, Spring 2014 Dr. Tarek Zaida

MUTATIONS Changes in DNA that affect genetic information.

GENE MUTATIONS aka point mutations. DNA sequence ↓ mRNA sequence ↓ Polypeptide Gene mutations which affect only one gene Transcription Translation © 2010.

How DNA is used in Heredity Reading the Book of Life, or Gene Expression.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Ribonucleic Acid. Structure of RNA  Single stranded  Ribose Sugar  5 carbon sugar  Phosphate group  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.

Mutations Foldable Fold 3 pieces of paper, so you have 5 layered flaps

Review of Protein Synthesis. Fig TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide (a) Bacterial cell Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION RNA PROCESSING.

Higher Biology Chapter 16 Gene Mutations. This type of mutation involves a change in one or more of the nucleotides in a strand of DNA. There are four.

GENE MUTATIONS.

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide (a) Bacterial cell Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION RNA PROCESSING Pre-mRNA DNA mRNA TRANSLATION.

LO: SWBAT explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of mutations. DN: h/0 protein synthesis HW: Read pp #

MUTATIONS. WHAT ARE MUTATIONS? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes.

Genetic Mutations Good, bad or neutral?.

Chapter 14 Homework is due on Sunday, January 25 at 11:59 pm The Chapter 13 and 14 test is on Monday.

Mutations Introduction Every normal cell carries a full complement of genetic material A mutation can occur in: –a somatic (body) cell (aren’t passed.

 During replication (in DNA), an error may be made that causes changes in the mRNA and proteins made from that part of the DNA  These errors or changes.

Mutations Csaba Bödör, Semmelweis University, 1 st Dept. of Pathology.

SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication. – During DNA replication, a double-stranded DNA molecule divides into two single strands. New nucleotides bond to each.

Mutations: Definition: Changes in DNA in an organism. These changes can be problematic, can be helpful, or can have no effect. Mutations are what DRIVES.

Mutation Dr. Shumaila Asim Lecture # 4.

Genetic code and mutations

LO: SWBAT explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of mutations. DN: h/0 protein synthesis HW: Read pp.

Lesson Four Structure of a Gene.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Changes in DNA that affect genetic information

Lesson Four Structure of a Gene.

Test on Genetics Tuesday (p. 5) Wednesday (p.1)

Protein Synthesis.

Mutations Mutations: changes in the genetic code that can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence and ultimately to the overall shape of the protein.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS What does DNA’s code do?.

GENE MUTATIONS aka point mutations © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS.

Protein Synthesis.

Do Now: Write the questions and answer them on page ___.

Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

FOCUS QUESTIONS Describe what a mutation is and how it can affect an organism? What are 3 different kinds of mutations? Explain how a change in the sequence.

Gene Mutations A change in the DNA of a gene is called a mutation. Mutations in gametes can be passed on to offspring of the affected individual,

Chapter 21 DNA and Biotechnology.

UNIT 3: DNA and RNA What is a mutation and how does it cause changes in organisms? A mutation is a change in a nitrogenous base sequence (order) of a.

Types of Mutations.

Transfer of RNA molecules serve as interpreters during translation

Aim: How is protein shape determined?

Biology Mutations SNL Biology Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall.

Notes over Active Transport and Protein Synthesis

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein

The genetic code © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS.

Types of point mutations

UNIT: DNA and RNA What is a mutation and how does it cause changes in organisms? Mutations -changes in a single base pair in DNA=changes in the nucleotide.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid.

Entry Task Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence: DNA: T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A What would.

Entry Task Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following wild-type gene sequence: DNA: T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C.

Mutations are changes in the genetic material of a cell or virus

Using The Genetic Code.

A: OAZ1 mRNA transcript of 775-1, and parental cell lines showing the stop codon introduced by the nonsense mutations in the and transcripts,

UNIT 5: DNA and RNA What is a mutation and how does it cause changes in organisms? A mutation is a change in a nitrogenous base sequence (order) of a.

Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation

CHAPTER 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene

Translation © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS.

DO NOW Hand in the DNA vs RNA Paper Model Lab – everyone must hand in the questions, be sure both partners’ names are on the models! Take the Amoeba Sisters.

TRANSLATION and MUTATIONS

Presentation transcript:

GENE MUTATIONS aka point mutations

Gene mutations which affect only one gene DNA sequence ↓ mRNA sequence Polypeptide Transcription Translation © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

DNA (template strand) mRNA Polypeptide Normal gene GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids The template strand is the DNA strand which mRNA uses for transcription. © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Mutations: Substitutions Normal gene GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids Substitution mutation GGTCACCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGUGGAGUGCGGU Pro-Arg-Glu-Cys-Gly Substitutions will only affect a single codon Their effects may not be serious unless they affect an amino acid that is essential for the structure and function of the finished protein molecule (e.g. sickle cell anaemia) © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

No change A mutation may have no effect on the phenotype. Changes in the third base of a codon often have no effect. Normal gene GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids Substitution mutation GGTCTTCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAAGAGUGCGGU Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Disaster Normal gene Substitution mutation GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids Substitution mutation GGTCTCCTCACTCCA ↓ CCAGAAGAGUGAGGU Pro-Glu-Glu-STOP © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Mutations: Inversion Inversion mutations, also, only affect a small part of the gene Normal gene GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids Inversion mutation GGTCCTCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGGAGAGUGCGGU Pro-Gly-Glu-Cys-Gly © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Mutations: Additions A frame shift mutation Normal gene GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids Addition mutation GGTGCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCACGAGGAGUGCGGU Pro-Arg-Gly-Val-Arg © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Mutations: Deletions A frame shift mutation Normal gene GGTCTCCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGAGGAGUGCGGU Codons Pro-Glu-Glu-Cys-Gly Amino acids Deletion mutation GGTC/CCTCACGCCA ↓ CCAGGGAGUGCGGU Pro-Gly-Ser-Ala-Val © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS