Aim: How is protein shape determined?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
From DNA to Protein.
Advertisements

Protein Synthesis (making proteins)
Transcription & Translation Worksheet
Mutations.
Mutations Mutation- a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
PART 1 - DNA REPLICATION PART 2 - TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION.
Mutations. Mutation  Permanent changes or errors in a DNA sequence  Copied during DNA replication  Therefore heritable  OR may occur during transcription.
Biology 12. WHAT ARE MUTATIONS?  Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA  May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring)  May occur in.
TTGACATACCCGTAAT What would the complementary strand of this DNA molecule read? AACTGTATGGGCATTA.
LO: SWBAT explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of mutations. DN: h/0 protein synthesis HW: Read pp #
DNA Mutations What is a mutation? 1) Change in the DNA of a gene. 2) When a cell puts its genetic code into action it is making precisely the proteins.
From DNA to Protein Review Spring pt The units that make up DNA are called? nucleotides.
 During replication (in DNA), an error may be made that causes changes in the mRNA and proteins made from that part of the DNA  These errors or changes.
MUTATIONS. Mutations  errors/changes in the DNA sequence that are inherited.  May have a negative effect, a positive effect, or no effect.
Date: March 18, 2016 Aim #64: How is protein shape determined? HW: 1)Protein Synthesis Review Worksheets (2) 2)Genetics Test next Tuesday (p.5) & Wednesday.
 Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______.
Example 1 DNA Triplet mRNA Codon tRNA anticodon A U A T A U G C G
Fantasy Mutations Reality. Mutations: a permanent and heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Are caused by mutagens (x-rays and UV light)
DNA, RNA and Protein.
AIM: What causes genetic disorders. Do Now: What are genetic disorders
Wednesday, January 16 th What is a mutation? Reminders: DNA Test Friday.
Mutations. What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes.
Genetic code and mutations
LO: SWBAT explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of mutations. DN: h/0 protein synthesis HW: Read pp.
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Please turn in your homework
Test on Genetics Tuesday (p. 5) Wednesday (p.1)
Protein Synthesis.
Mutations Mutations: changes in the genetic code that can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence and ultimately to the overall shape of the protein.
The blueprint of life; from DNA to Protein
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Bellringer Three consecutive bases in mRNA are known as what?
Wishful Adaptation Paragraph
GENE MUTATIONS aka point mutations © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS.
Protein Synthesis.
Mutations.
Do Now: Write the questions and answer them on page ___.
FOCUS QUESTIONS Describe what a mutation is and how it can affect an organism? What are 3 different kinds of mutations? Explain how a change in the sequence.
Gene Mutations A change in the DNA of a gene is called a mutation. Mutations in gametes can be passed on to offspring of the affected individual,
What is Transcription and who is involved?
Biology Mutations SNL Biology Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall.
MUTATIONS.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RELAY
Transcription You’re made of meat, which is made of protein.
Mutations changes in the DNA sequence that can be inherited
NOTE SHEET 13 – Protein Synthesis
Mutations.
Warm Up 3 2/5 Can DNA leave the nucleus?
Given a DNA strand ACTTCA, what is the mRNA strand?
Today’s notes from the student table Something to write with
Transcription and Translation
Central Dogma and the Genetic Code
Normal DNA Strand DNA : TAC AAA GGA CGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT
Decode the following message.
Ch 12-4 Genetic Mutations.
DNA, RNA, Amino Acids, Proteins, and Genes!.
MUTATIONS.
Mutations.
Gene and Chromosomal Mutations
DO NOW Hand in the DNA vs RNA Paper Model Lab – everyone must hand in the questions, be sure both partners’ names are on the models! Take the Amoeba Sisters.
MUTATIONS.
Chapter 12-4 DNA Mutations.
DNA to proteins.
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
C-Notes: Mutations Stnd: BI.4.c 10/23/13
Mutations.
Gene Mutations A change in the DNA of a gene is called a mutation. Mutations in gametes can be passed on to offspring of the affected individual,
RNA & Protein Synthesis
Unit 3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
Mutations: Changes in Genes
Presentation transcript:

Aim: How is protein shape determined?

All are proteins with a specific shape that determines their function. What do enzymes, antibodies, hormones, hemoglobin and membrane proteins have in common? All are proteins with a specific shape that determines their function. Enzymes Hormone Hemoglobin Antibodies

What determines a protein’s Shape? A protein’s shape is determined by its sequence of amino acids.

Protein Shape: The DNA base sequence (order) determines the sequence of amino acids. 2) The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape. 3) The shape of a protein determines its activity/function.

Transcription & Translation: Therefore it is the genetic code/ DNA base sequence that ultimately determine a protein’s sequence of amino acids. A – T U C – G G Tryptophan C – G G

Mutations Mutations can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence and ultimately to the overall shape of the protein. Why?

Why? If the DNA sequence changes then the amino acid sequence changes then the protein shape changes then the protein will not be able to perform its job or function.

What causes mutations errors in DNA replication? Chemicals UV Radiation X-Ray radiation

It changes the amino acids sequence which determines protein shape Mutated Proteins It changes the amino acids sequence which determines protein shape

How does a mutated protein affect a cell? The mutated protein may have a different shape and disrupt its normal activity.

Types of Mutation Substitution Deletion Insertion Inversion Original DNA Strand

Copy the Normal DNA Strand: DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG GGA GUU CUA CGC RNA AA Sequence Gly – Val – Leu - Arg

Substitution and Deletion Mutations Substitution – One nitrogenous base is substituted for another. DNA CCC CAA GAT GCG mRNA GGG GUU CUA CGC Deletion – One nitrogenous base is deleted (removed). DNA CTC AAG ATG CG mRNA GAG UUC UAC GC

Insertion and Inversion Mutations Insertion – Extra nitrogenous bases are added to the genetic code. DNA CCT CTA AGA TGC G mRNA GGA GAU UCU ACG C Inversion – The genetic code is inverted or reversed. DNA CCT CAA TAG GCG mRNA GGA GUU AUC CGC

Sickle Cell Anemia

Point and Frame Shift Mutations Point mutation A change in ONE nitrogenous base, the overall number of bases stays the same (Substitution or Inversion) Frame shift mutation A change in the number of overall nitrogenous bases in the genetic code (Addition or Deletion)

What type of mutation is it?

Use the chart to complete your hand out