Warm Up 4 2/10 What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? DNA wraps around proteins called 2.________ which forms 3. __________ (bead of histone+DNA). Coils to make 4.________. Supercoils to form 5.____________.

Mutations

Kinds of Mutations “to change” Changes in the genetic material gene mutations- Produce changes in a single gene chromosomal mutations- Produce changes in whole chromosomes Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 4

Causes Copies incorrectly Damaged (sun, smoke) radiation Cannot repair Genes inherited from parents

Point mutation- change in one nucleotide

Frameshift mutation- shift the “reading frame”

Is frameshift or point mutation more serious?

Chromosomal Mutations- changes in the # or whole structure of chromosomes

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Sickle cell anemia is caused by the substitution of glutamic acid, with valine.

Significance Neutral (missence) Harmful (diseases) Beneficial (resistance to HIV)

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–4 A mutation in which all or part of a chromosome is lost is called a(an) duplication. deletion. inversion. point mutation. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 17

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–4 A mutation that affects every amino acid following an insertion or deletion is called a(an) frameshift mutation. point mutation. chromosomal mutation. inversion. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–4 A mutation in which a segment of a chromosome is repeated is called a(an) deletion. inversion. duplication. point mutation. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 19

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–4 The type of point mutation that usually affects only a single amino acid is called a deletion. a frameshift mutation. an insertion. a substitution. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–4 When two different chromosomes exchange some of their material, the mutation is called a(an) inversion. deletion. substitution. translocation. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21

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