Chapter 5 Day and Night Cycle Craters Tides Sun, Earth, and Moon Chapter 5 Day and Night Cycle Craters Tides The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Day and Night Cycle Key Concepts Earth’s rotation defines day and night Earth’s daily rotation causes the Sun, Moon, Planets, and stars to appear to move in the sky. Diurnal motion Daytime in one place means night time in another place. The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

The Earth What about earth sets it apart from other planets in the Solar System? Why can Earth sustain life? The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

The Earth Unique Characteristics Liquid Water Atmosphere Magnetism Just the right size Just the right distance from the Sun Internal heat engine! Plate tectonics The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

The Earth Water Hard to change the temperature of water (High specific heat) Only compound in which that the solid form is less dense than water Surface Tension Water is a polar molecule The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Water Scarcity The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Water Tides Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and inertia. 2 high tides and 2 low tides per day Some times are more drastic than others due to the geography of the area. Bay of Fundy The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Spring tides – more drastic tides caused by the direct alignment of the Moon and Sun New and Full moon only Neap Tides – smallest tides when the moon is not in alignment with the Earth and Sun 1st and 3rd Quarter moons The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

The Earth Atmosphere Protects us from harmful UV rays Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Argon <1% Protects us from harmful UV rays Magnetic Field protects us from the Sun The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

The Earth The atmosphere The Earth’s Atmosphere protects us from meteors and small asteroids. However, sometimes they are just too big. Key Impact Craters: Vredefort Crater - Biggest Chicxulub Crater – Dinosaur Extinction Popigai – Diamonds! Chesapeake Bay Crater The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

The Earth Atmosphere Magnetic field Creates Aurora Borealis Also Known as the Northern lights Occurs when the Sun emits a Solar Flare and the particles interact with the magnetized atmosphere Aurora Borealis Video The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Day and Night Cycle If it is day somewhere, it is night somewhere “it’s 5 o’ clock somewhere” is actually true Only 50% of the earth is lit at one time. The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Day and Night cycle The Earth rotates once a day about its own axis which runs from pole to pole. So for roughly half the day a place will be facing the Sun and in the light, and the rest of the time it will face away and experience night time. It rotates from West to East (Counter clock wise) which is why for us we see the Sun rise in the East. The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle

Day and Night cycle The line that marks the difference between day and night moves along the equator at a speed of about 1,600 km/h (1,000 mph). Fun Fact – The earth’s rotation is gradually slowing down. This is due to tidal effects. - Explained later Time lapse from space! The Earth, Moon, and Sun - 1.1 Day & Night Cycle