Global Reconstruction and the Bipolar World 1945-1991
The Cold War
Postwar Plans and Conferences
Postwar Settlements Yalta – Feb. 1945 San Francisco – June 1945 Division of Germany into zones of occupation Free elections in Eastern Europe San Francisco – June 1945 Creation of United Nations 11 member Security Council 5 permanent members (GB, France, China, US, USSR) Potsdam – July/Aug 1945 Immediate control of Germany
The Cold War
Definition The Cold War is defined as the tense relationship that existed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union Issues Both are ‘superpowers’ Capitalism vs. Communism Confrontations started in Germany, Europe, and then went global Competing blocs
Origin of U.S. involvement Containment Truman Doctrine – 1947 Attempt to stop the domino effect of nations moving politically towards Soviet Union-based communism Began with financial aid to Turkey and Greece Marshall Plan - 1947 U.S. assistance program to give food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe
Occupied Germany, 1945-1949
The Iron Curtain
Political Competition United States Soviet Union Truman Doctrine 1947 Marshall Plan 1949 NATO – 1949 A-Bomb – 1945 H- Bomb – 1952 Satellite - 1958 COMECON 1949-1991 Warsaw Pact- 1955 A –Bomb – 1949 H –Bomb – 1953 Satellite - 1957
Confrontations 1945- 1965
Berlin Airlift - 1948
Berlin Wall - 1961
Korean War 1950-1953 Korean is occupied by Soviets in the North and America in the South Stalemate was reached in 1953 5 million Koreans killed Country was divided by the 38th parallel
U-2 Incident - 1960 Spy plane used by U.S. Shot down over Soviet Union Denied first by U.S., later admitted Plane was intact Pilot was alive Embarrassment for U.S.
Cuba – 1962 Revolution led by Fidel Castro Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Castro will be aided by the Soviets Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Vietnam War 1965-1973 US aids noncommunist Vietnam in south after French departure from territory U.S. reaches 500,000 troops in 1968 US eventually leaves in 1973, south is defeated in 1975 3 to 4 million Vietnamese killed 58,000+ U.S. deaths
Cold War Society and Culture
American ‘Domestic Containment’ McCarthyism and the HUAC Feminism and Anti-Feminism Black nationalism Rise in consumer products The Space Race
The Olympics East & West Germany competed as one team, 1956-64 Boycott of China from 1956-1984 Hungarian vs. Soviet water polo team, 1956 games American vs. Soviet basketball team, 1972 Boycott of Olympics by both: 1980 and ‘84 ‘Miracle on Ice’ - 1980
The Space Race United States Soviet Union
Pop Culture
Impact on the United States $8 Trillion dollars spent by the U.S. 100,000 American lives lost (mostly in Korea and Vietnam) Civil Wars (mostly in Southeast Asia) Institutionalized the US in world affairs By 1989, the U.S. was responsible for military alliances with 50 countries and 1.5 million U.S. troops were posted in 117 countries
Nuclear Arms Race 1945-2005