Cold War Review

1. What are the main aspects of communism? Property owned by the public (everyone) Wealth is spread among the people equally No class system in society

2. Why were Americans afraid of the spread of communism? It threatened American values of individualism and freedom

3. What was significant about the Declaration of Liberated Europe? It established democracy for Europe after WWII

4. What effect did the Yalta Conference have on the relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union? Increased tensions between the U.S. and USSR and led to the Cold War

5. At the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four zones 5. At the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four zones. Those four zones were divided between what countries? USSR, France, Britain, US

6. What was a potential problem with Berlin’s location in the Soviet zone of Germany? Berlin was divided into four zones, leaving the non-communist zones surrounded by Communist zones

7. What events led to increased tensions between the US and USSR? USSR spreading Communism to Eastern European countries USSR violations to Declaration of Liberated Europe US and USSR disagreements over German reparations after WWII

8. Why did the USSR fear capitalism? Saw capitalism as the power of a ruling class over a working class

9. Under Communism in the Soviet Union, what aspects of life did the state control? Education Religion Media (books, television, films, etc. Food Production Industry Property ownership

10. Why did tensions between the US and USSR increase after the Potsdam Conference? Truman bullied Stalin, and Stalin felt the US was trying to make the USSR weak

11. What does the phrase, “Iron Curtain,” refer to? The separation of communist nations in Eastern Europe from the West

12. Why did Winston Churchill wish to “speak out now” and warn the US about waiting too long to reach a settlement with the USSR? He didn’t want another conflict like WWII to happen in Europe again

13. What were the provisions of the Marshall Plan? Gave European nations aid to rebuild their economies after WWII

14. How did the Truman Doctrine address the spread of communism? Pledged support to free peoples of the world to stop the spread of communism

15. What factor made it possible for NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to be successful at stopping the spread of Communism? Alliances with 12 countries would intimidate the USSR

16. What was the main goal of US containment policies? To stop the spread of Communism

17. How did programs like the Loyalty Review Program and HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) attempt to contain Communism? Exposing, imprisoning, and executing Communists would decrease their influence in the United States

18. Why were directors, writers, and actors in Hollywood targeted during the Red Scare? Film was seen as a powerful influence that could spread Communism to Americans

19. What happened to “uncooperative” suspected Communists like the character David Merrill? Blacklisting Loss of homes Betrayal

20. Why were the trials of the McCarthy era and Red Scare seen as “witch hunts?” They made wild accusations at people with little evidence

21. What did Henry Steele Commager say was the “new loyalty and Americanism” in the United States during the Red Scare? Conformity

22. What was significant about the Red Scare in the McCarthy era? Public fear of traitors can lead to discrimination and ignorance

23. How does Dr. Seuss’s book, The Butter Battle Book, illustrate the Arms Race between the USSR and US? Shows the build-up of weapons on both sides and the uncertainty of who will shoot first

24. What effect did the Arms Race have on Americans? Increased fears of a surprise nuclear attack and Communism

25. In what ways were Americans were given the “illusion of safety” during the Arms Race of the Cold War? Duck-and-cover drills Backyard bomb shelters Public fallout shelters

26. Which of the following events set off the Korean War? Soviet-controlled North Korea invaded South Korea

27. Why did the United States encourage the growth of Japan’s industry after China and the USSR formed an alliance? US wanted to weaken the appeal of Communism in Asia

28. Why did Truman deny General MacArthur’s demands to expand the Korean War to include nuclear weapons? Truman was in favor of limited warfare and feared nuclear war

29. How did the Korean War change US policies for stopping the spread of Communism in other countries? Moved from economic and political policies to military build-up and intervention

30. What were the significant results of the Space Race during the Cold War? Increased competition between the US and USSR Created technological advancements that impacted civilian life Increased fear of a Soviet attack in America