Canada in the Postwar Period

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Presentation transcript:

Canada in the Postwar Period The COLD WAR (1945-1989)

Learning goals By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: describe what the ‘Cold War’ was, and how it affected Canada explain the main differences between communism and capitalism assess Canada’s contribution in world affairs during the postwar period

‘Minds On’ – warm up Imagine you were forced to go into hiding in preparation for a nuclear attack. What would you take with you? (Discuss your answer with a partner…) Here’s what the Canadian Civil Defence Organization recommended in 1960: Battery operated radio; emergency food and water supplies for 14 days; bedding; flashlight; first aid kit

Postwar Tensions U.S. vs. U.S.S.R. Both countries did not trust one another – major ideological differences Both emerged as ‘superpowers’ after WWII – one communist and one capitalist

Did you know? The term ‘Cold War’ was 1st used in 1945 by writer George Orwell in an essay

The nuclear ‘arms’ race… What was the ‘Cold War’? Period of tension between U.S. and USSR – no direct war though How was the Cold War fought then? threats; propaganda competition (sports –Olympic Games, race for space, arms race) indirect ‘hot’ wars (Vietnam, Korea…) spying The nuclear ‘arms’ race…

Did you know? Although the U.S. was the 1st country to put a man on the moon in 1969, the U.S.S.R. won the race for space by launching the first artificial earth satellite into orbit (Sputnik) in 1957

The nuclear arms race…then and now

What happened? Communism was spreading in Europe – and Stalin repressed any opposition (ex. gulags) America and Great Britain follow a policy of ‘containment’ – to try to stop this spread Key Term: Iron Curtain – an imaginary dividing line in Europe between democracy and dictatorship

Did you know? The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was coined by Sir Winston Churchill in a 1946 speech about the growing rift between the East and West.

Collective Security Many countries formed alliances due to fear of nuclear war: NATO – U.S., Canada, GB, France NORAD – U.S., Canada to protect against Soviet attack Warsaw Pact – USSR, other communist countries

Canada’s involvement How were Canadians affected by the Cold War? cancelled Avro Arrow in favour of the Bomarc B missile attack-warning systems (radar) setup across Canada fought w/U.S. in Korean War Canadian radar stations: DEW Line; Mid-Canada Line; Pinetree Network

“Duck and Cover” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

Igor Gouzenko – spy scandal Igor Gouzenko (Soviet Spy) stole secret documents from the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa Exposed Russia’s efforts to steal nuclear secrets from us and the U.S. Significance? Launched the Cold War for the general public…

How did it end? In 1989, the USSR agreed to take down the Berlin Wall which had divided East and West Germany Both sides began to co-operate This symbolized the end of the Cold War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkg&safe=active

OK…how did it really end?

Hollywood cashes in… In 1985, Sylvester Stallone releases his 3rd in a series of 4 sequels to the popular 1976 movie ‘Rocky’. The fictional movie emphasized the on-going tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. through professional sport (boxing) Your task: make note of any evidence of the Cold War in the movie (ex. symbols…)