Imaging Body Fat by H. Wang, Y.E. Chen, and Daniel T. Eitzman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Volume 34(10):2217-2223 September 17, 2014 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) half-body scans in obese children. Body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) half-body scans in obese children. Example of Lunar iDXA (GE Healthcare) total-body composition image and a representation of the portions of the total-body image used to generate the right side and left side images. Reproduced from Rothney et al3 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2009 The Obesity Society. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

BodyMetrix ultrasound image of thigh. BodyMetrix ultrasound image of thigh. The top line indicates the subcutaneous fat-muscle interface (average thickness of 3.69 mm). The bottom line indicates the muscle–bone boundary. The muscle thickness ranges from 32.0 to 46.6 mm. The white layer in the center is the boundary of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius. Reproduced from Wagner16 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Dale R. Wagner. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Measurement of epicardial adipose tissue measured in parasternal long-axis view of transthoracic echocardiography. Measurement of epicardial adipose tissue measured in parasternal long-axis view of transthoracic echocardiography. AO indicates aorta; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; and RV, right ventricle. Reproduced from Chao et al19 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Chao et al. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue from computed tomographic image at L4. Measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue from computed tomographic image at L4. Adipose tissue is dark gray, white line shows delineation of visceral compartment, white arrow indicates depth of subcutaneous compartment. Reproduced from Eastwood et al25 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Eastwood et al. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Serial liver MRI scans to demonstrate changes in liver fat during therapy. Serial liver MRI scans to demonstrate changes in liver fat during therapy. Serial proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) maps obtained with complex-based MRI were acquired in a 41-year-old man with hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance undergoing plasmapheresis and multidrug therapy to lower serum triglycerides. Follow-up MRI demonstrates reduction in hepatic PDFF (from 53% to 33%). Reproduced from Reeder et al33 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

A, Representative image of a subject with high uptake of fluorodeoxy-d-glucose (FDG) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). A, Representative image of a subject with high uptake of fluorodeoxy-d-glucose (FDG) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). B, Representative image of a subject from the BAT− group. There is an absence of FDG uptake at the location of BAT after exposure to cold. Reproduced from Muzik et al43 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2012 Muzik et al. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cerenkov luminescence images of interscapular brown adipose tissue in a mouse at 30, 60, 120 minutes after 18F-fluorodeoxy-d-glucose (FDG; 10.3 MBq) intravenous injection. Cerenkov luminescence images of interscapular brown adipose tissue in a mouse at 30, 60, 120 minutes after 18F-fluorodeoxy-d-glucose (FDG; 10.3 MBq) intravenous injection. The images clearly outline the contour of BAT, even after 120 minutes of 18F-FDG injection. Reproduced from Zhang et al49 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Zhang et al. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Whole-body near-infrared-fluorescence imaging of cold (6°C) or warm (room temperature [RT])-acclimated mice 1 hour after intravenous administration of indicated doses of IRDye800-conjugated phage clones displaying peptide (PEP), PEP3 (which recognizes brown fat vasculature) or control peptide PEP1. Whole-body near-infrared-fluorescence imaging of cold (6°C) or warm (room temperature [RT])-acclimated mice 1 hour after intravenous administration of indicated doses of IRDye800-conjugated phage clones displaying peptide (PEP), PEP3 (which recognizes brown fat vasculature) or control peptide PEP1. Arrow indicates interscapular area. Insets show black/white photographs of mice that were shaved for imaging (skin left on). Scale shows fluorescence intensity. Reproduced from Azhdarinia et al50 with permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. H. Wang et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2217-2223 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.