Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat Turning sugar into usable energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat Cellular Respiration Glucose/Sugar Oxygen Cellular Respiration Carbon Dioxide Stored Energy Molecules Heat Water (Food that we eat) (Inhale) (Exhale) (Exhale) (Used by body) (Used by body)

ATP – The Battery of Life Students will be able to describe the structure and properties of ATP and how it provides energy for the cell.

ATP *ATP = Adenosine triphosphate *ATP is a molecule that acts like a charged chemical battery. Our body uses the energy in ATP to power itself, and then recharges it. Tri phosphate = three phosphates Adenosine = adenine + ribose

ATP The Energy our body uses is stored in the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate

ATP  ADP + Pi + Energy Using ATP When our body needs energy, it breaks the bond between the 3rd and 2nd phosphate and becomes Adenosine Diphosphate. Energy ATP  ADP + Pi + Energy

ADP *ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate *ADP is a molecule that acts like an uncharged chemical battery. Our body needs to supply energy from the sun or food to recharge it into ATP Energy Diphosphate = 2 phosphates Adenosine = adenine + ribose

ATP and ADP ATP ADP Charged Battery Not Charged Battery Tri phosphate = three phosphates Adenosine = adenine + ribose Diphosphate = 2 phosphates Adenosine = adenine + ribose

ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP Charging ADP into ATP Attaching a third phosphate to ADP requires energy. Living things get this energy from the sun or from food. ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

ATP and ADP Cycle ATP and ADP cycle - the process of cells breaking down ATP into ADP for energy, and then recharging ADP into ATP using energy from the sun or from food. Energy from Sunlight or Food Energy used by the cell ATP ADP Charged Battery Uncharged Battery Charging up energy Using up energy ATP  ADP + Pi + Energy ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

ATP ADP Charging up energy Using up energy Energy used by the cell ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP ATP Charged Battery Charging up energy Using up energy Energy used by the cell Energy from Sunlight or Food Energy ADP Uncharged Battery ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

ATP ADP Energy used by the cell Energy from Sunlight or Food Charged Battery ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP Energy used by the cell Energy from Sunlight or Food ADP Uncharged Battery ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

The Mitochondria Students will be able to label and know the parts of the mitochondria

Mitochondria An organelle found in eukaryotic plant and animal cells. Creates energy by breaking down sugar into ATP.

Mitochondria in cells

Anatomy of a Mitochondria

Anatomy of a Mitochondria Outer Membrane Membrane created after endosymbiosis Inner Membrane Original membrane before endosymbiosis *Matrix Fluid that fills the mitochondria *Cristae Folds of the inner membrane

Oxidation We keep talking about oxidation. Look at this image and see if you can figure out what oxidation is. Write it in your notes.

Electron Carriers An electron carrier is a molecule that carries electrons released during chemical reactions to the Electron Transport Chain. The two electron carriers in Cellular Respiration are: NADH FADH2

NAD+ H+ e e NAD NAD- NAD+ NADH

Electron Carrier Without Electrons With Electrons H+ e e NAD NAD+ NADH

FAD H+ H+ e e FAD FAD- FAD-2 FADH- FADH2

Electron Carrier NAD FAD FADH2 Without Electrons With Electrons H+ H+

Glycolysis: The process of breaking sugar Occurs in the cytoplasm. ANAEROBIC ATP ADP ADP ATP Glucose Input 1 glucose molecule 2 NAD+ 2 ATP Output 4 ATP 2 NADH 2 Pyruvic Acids NAD+ NAD+ NADH NADH ATP ATP 2 NADH ATP ATP 4 ATP 2 Pyruvates

Where Does Everything Go? ATP = stays in cytoplasm Pyruvic acids= goes to the matrix of the mitochondria NADH = goes to the Electron Transport Chain ATP ATP NADH NADH ATP ATP Cytoplasm Matrix of Mitochondria Electron Transport Chain

How Much ATP is made? Glycolysis spends: -2 ATP Glycolysis produces: 4 ATP Total Net gain of glycolysis is 2 ATP

Krebs’s/Citric Acid Cycle A coenzyme changes Pyruvic Acid into Acetyl Coenzyme A and 2 Carbon Dioxides are released. Pyruvic Acid Acetyl CoA Coenzyme Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CO2

Krebs’s/Citric Acid Cycle Input: 2 Acetyl CoA Output: 6 Carbon Dioxides (CO2) 8 NADH 2 ATP 2 FADH2 Acetyl CoA Acetyl Co A Occurs in the Matrix of the Mitochondria AEROBIC NADH NADH Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CO2 NADH NADH NADH NADH Carbon Dioxide CO2 FADH2 FADH2 Carbon Dioxide CO2 ATP ATP NADH NADH

Electron Transport Chain Exhaled by body Output 6 Carbon Dioxide 8 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP Input: 2 Acetyl CoA Acetyl Co A NADH FADH2 Krebs Cycle Acetyl Co A ATP Back to the cytoplasm Electron Transport Chain

How much ATP is made? Glycolysis Net Gain: 2 ATP Krebs Cycle produces: 2 ATP Total ATP: 4 ATP

Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the Cristae (inner membrane) of the MITOCHONDRIA AEROBIC Input FADH2 NADH Output 6 H2O 32 ATP NAD+ FAD

Electron Transport Chain NADH and FADH2 lose their Hydrogen Ions and Electrons and return to NAD+ and FAD The electrons from FADH2 and NADH travel through the electron transport chain. This provides energy that pulls hydrogen ions out of the matrix.

Electron Transport Chain The hydrogen ions return back to the matrix via ATP synthase. Every time a hydrogen ion goes through ATP Synthase an ADP and a phosphate combine to create an ATP. The electrons combine with two hydrogen ions and an oxygen to create water.

Space in between the inner and outer membrane ELECTRON Transport Chain ATP SYNTHASE ATP H+ ATP NADH NAD+ ATP H+ Matrix H+ H+ H+ FADH2 H+ H H+ H+ H+ Water (H2O)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY

What happens to the electrons? O + 2e- + 2H+  H2O Oxygen + 2 electrons + 2 Hydrogen Ions  Water

Where does everything go? NAD+ and FAD go back to the cytoplasm and the matrix to be recharged into NADH and FADH2. ATP returns to the cytoplasm to be used. Water exits the body. ATP H O NAD+ FAD Out of the body Cytoplasm Matrix and or Cytoplasm

How much ATP is made? Glycolysis Net Gain: 2 ATP Krebs Cycle produces: 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain produces: 32-34 ATP Total ATP: 36-38 ATP