Heart Structure PBS Lesson 4.1

Structure of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart Upper Chambers are called atria. Lower Chambers are called ventricles. Left side is oxygenated. Right side is deoxygenated. Chambers of the Heart

The cardiovascular system is responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes . The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to unload CO2 and pick up O2. The systemic circulation carries blood throughout the body. Circulation

Valves Function is to prevent the backflow of blood. The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria. Tricuspid- Right atrium to right ventricle. Mitral (Bicuspid)- Left atrium to left ventricle. The semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. Aortic- Left ventricle to aorta. Pulmonary- Right ventricle to pulmonary artery. Valves

Veins vs. Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart. High Pressure Microcirculation is where exchange occurs. Arterioles to feed the capillaries. Capillaries exchange with the tissues. Venules to receive capillary blood. Veins bring it back to the heart. Low pressure Veins vs. Arteries

Superior Vena Cava (Vein): Upper body to heart, deoxygenated. Inferior Vena Cava (Vein): Lower body to heart, deoxygenated. Pulmonary Veins: Lungs to heart, oxygenated. Aorta (Artery): Heart to body, oxygenated. Pulmonary Arteries: Heart to lungs, deoxygenated. Major Vessels

Heart Disease Medications Statins HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver, which produces about 70 percent of total cholesterol in the body. ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor: a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Heart Disease Medications

Heart Malfunctions Visible with an X-Ray Pacemaker Issues with heart rhythm require a pacemaker to maintain a normal rhythm. Heart Malfunctions Visible with an X-Ray

Internal Heart Malfunctions Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (Enlarged Heart) L.V. works too hard and becomes overly thick. Due to high blood pressure and obesity. Coronary arteries can cut off the blood supply to the heart. Linked to heart attacks, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Mild Mitral Valve Prolapse Mitral valve doesn’t close properly. It can lead to mitral valve regurgitation (some blood flows back into the L.A.). Complications include arrhythmias and heart valve infection (endocarditis) Stent in Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Coronary arteries are blocked and stent opens up the vessels to allow for blood flow. Atherosclerosis The formation of plaques on the inside of vessels. Excess of cholesterol deposited on the inside of arteries supplying both the heart and the brain. Complications include heart attack and stroke. Mild Peripheral Artery Disease in Left Leg Plaques are beginning to form in the vessels of the legs. Internal Heart Malfunctions