Lesson 6 Ford and Carter Struggle An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 6 Ford and Carter Struggle

Lesson 6 Ford and Carter Struggle An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 6 Ford and Carter Struggle Learning Objectives Evaluate the presidency of Gerald Ford. Evaluate Ford’s foreign policies. Assess the domestic policies of Jimmy Carter. Discuss changing U.S. foreign policy in the developing world. Analyze how American society changed in the 1970s. Gerald Ford pardoned Helsinki Accords human rights SALT II boat people Jimmy Carter Christian fundamentalists amnesty Community Reinvestment Act sanctions developing world Camp David Accords Wisconsin v. Yoder televangelists

Ford Travels a Rough Road Nixon Resigns (never fully impeached) Gerald Ford takes office (Nixon’s VP) – 25th Amendment Wants Americans to put the Watergate scandal in the past. Restore honor to the White House Public lost faith in White House “A Ford, Not a Lincoln” Sept. 8, 1974- Ford pardoned Nixon. Troubled Economy - worst situation since the Great Depression US Dependent on foreign Oil/OPEC increase prices “W.I.N.”-Whip Inflation Now Urged Americans to limit gas and fuel “Tight Money” policy Cut Gov’t spending and encouraged the Federal Reserve Board to restrict credit through higher interest rates. Worst economic recession in 40 years. WIN- failure

Crash Course – Ford/ Carter

Ford’s Foreign Policy Carrying out Nixon’s Foreign Policies SALT II Ford followed Henry Kissinger’s advice Continue talks with Russia and China Helsinki Accords A series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe. Human Rights – basic rights for every human being. Ford’s greatest accomplishment SALT II USA + USSR pledge to limit nuclear arms production. US Senate never ratifies the treaty.

Ford Continues Nixon’s Foreign Policies Ongoing Turmoil In Southeast Asia 1973- Vietnam peace talks broke down Ford asks Congress for $722 million in support – Congress denies 1975- S. Vietnam surrendered to the North 100,000+ Vietnamese refugees attempt to flee Vietnam Boat People 20 + Million people flee Vietnam

Carter Enters the White House Election of 1976- Republican- Gerald Ford; Democrats-Jimmy Carter Carter a peanut farmer from Georgia and former governor. “never tell a lie to the American People.” Jimmy Carter wins election 40.8 million votes – 39.1 million votes “citizens president” Limited Political experience Amnesty to draft dodgers Political pardons.

Confronting energy Crisis Inflation Prices of items continued to increase drastically. US Car companies hurt Chrysler – received federal loans to survive. Japanese Car Companies sell cars in the US. Energy crisis Shortage of Fuel 1976- 1977 $ of gas increased Oil Shortage 1979 2nd fuel shortage in America OPEC –raised prices Carter couldn’t solve energy crisis. Foreign Oil America relied too heavily on foreign oil Carter created more than100 proposals for alternative energy Community Reinvestment Act Provided loans to low income families. Future problem in Great Recession 2007 - 2011 National Energy Act Tax gas guzzling cars Tax credit on alternative energy Dependence on foreign oil decrease in 1979

Foreign Policy Changes Under Carter Carter established the US as a nation of Freedom and Justice. US and USSR relations decline USSR invades Afghanistan 1979 USSR wants to help a communist uprising Carter withdrawals SALT II Treaty and imposes sanctions Penalties on the USSR USA boycotts 1980 Olympic games in Moscow.

Analyze Charts What can you infer about the United States' relationship with the Soviet Union during the Carter administration?

Foreign Policy in Latin America USA and Cuba Relations improve Castro allows people to leave Cuba for USA Panama Canal Zone Returned the Panama Canal Zone to Panama by 1999 Most controversial decision by Carter People wondered the economic impact of losing the control of the Canal.

Crisis in the Middle East Camp David Accords Peace between Egypt and Israel Israel withdrawal from Sinai Peninsula Egypt officially recognizes Israel Iran and the United States 1953 Britain/CIA overthrow Mohammed Mossadegh Install Shah (King) Mohammed Reza Pahlavi “puppet” Control Oil Revolution in Iran 1979 Ayatollah in… Shah out https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WVtpao0KSM

USA and IRAN Revolution in Iran 1979 Ayatollah in… Shah out Carter supported the Shah -USA access to Oil Shah enters USA for cancer treatment Riots/Revolutionaries attack the US Embassy Nov. 4 1979 52 Americans Hostage 444 Days captive Captives released Jan 20. 1981 Hip Hughes Iran Contra

Unease Over Changing Values Changing nation – Change in country’s values Demographic Change Sun Belt Southern and Western States increase in population (Climate and Jobs) Rust Belt – Northern industrial states and cities. Immigration Strong US increases immigrants wanting to come to America Asia, Puerto Rico, Cuba. (Increases Latino political power) “ME Decade” – Americans concerned with improving themselves. (1970s) Increase in personal fitness, Meditation NYC Marathon 1970 – 100 people NYC Marathon 1980 – 14,000 people

Unease Over Changing Values Analyze Maps Which regions of the United States most likely suffered economically as a result of population loss during the 1970s and 1980s?

Conservatives in USA 1970s – resurgence of fundamental Christianity Opposed Supreme Court rulings on Abortion + Prayer in School Roe v Wade. + Engel v. Vitale Wisconsin v. Yoder – cannot force Amish children to attend school after the 8th grade. (Religious Freedom) Televangelists – Religious TV Preachers Marion “Pat” Robertson Joel Osteen