To be successful today… Pick up warm up sheet BYOD Color of the day is Phones are in put away in backpacks

Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Eubacteria Essential Question: What are the general characteristics of bacteria? Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Eubacteria Bacteria

What do you already know? What are the characteristics of life? What are prokaryotes?

What are bacteria? Microscopic, Unicellular, Prokaryotic organisms containing DNA and ribosomes. May be autotrophic or heterotrophic Bacteria are LIVING!!!! They have ALL the characteristics of living organisms. Found everywhere on earth!

Basic Structure of Bacteria Ribosome Cell Membrane Cell Wall carbohydrates that makes up cell wall DNA Flagella Pilli Movement Attachment & transfer of DNA

Basic Structure of Bacteria Bacterial cell wall is made up of the carbohydrate peptidoglycan   Pilli are used for attachment and for exchange of DNA during sexual reproduction Flagella are used for movement Not all bacteria have flagella.

Bacteria Shapes Bacteria are categorized by three distinct shapes: video: bacteria shapes Bacteria are categorized by three distinct shapes: rod-shaped (bacilli)/bacillus Ex: Bacillus cereus spiral (spirilla)/spirillum Ex: Spirillum volutans spherical (cocci)/coccus Ex: Micrococcus luteus

Name These Bacteria Shapes

Bacteria Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria video: bacteria habitats

Archaebacteria High Temperatures: Thermophile Live in extreme, harsh environments and are called extremophiles High Temperatures: Thermophile High/Low pH: Thermoacidophile High Salt Concentration: Halophile Grand Prismatic in Yellowstone’s largest hot springs basin Great Salt Lake once thought to be lifeless is teeming with salt-tolerant bacteria Lemonade Spring in Yellowstone highly acidic

Eubacteria: “true/common bacteria” Very diverse group of bacteria that live everywhere!

Aerobic Respiration: WITH OXYGEN Anaerobic Respiration: withOUT Oxygen May be heterotrophic (do not make own food) Aerobic Respiration: WITH OXYGEN Anaerobic Respiration: withOUT Oxygen May be autotrophic: Photosynthetic ex: cyanobacteria found in lakes & ponds use blue chorophyll for photosynthesis

To be successful today… Pick up warm-up sheet Pull out Bacteria Notes BYOD Color of the day is Phones are in put away in backpacks

Questions??

CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False Members of Archaea live in extreme environments. TRUE

CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False Members of Kingdom Eubacteria are lovers of extremes. FALSE

Warm-Up MON 12/11; PART 1 Use the following dichotomous key to identify butterfly fish C. Make sure you follow the rules for writing scientific names!!!

CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False The cell walls bacteria contain peptidoglycan TRUE

Which micrograph shows bacillus bacteria? CONCEPT REVIEW: Which micrograph shows bacillus bacteria? A B C

Warm-Up Mon 12/11; PART 2 A) What is the difference between Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Kingdom Eubacteria? B) What are at least 3 similarities (think general characteristics of bacteria)?

Bacteria Function & Reproduction Essential Question: How do bacteria reproduce? How do bacteria cause disease and what factors control the growth of bacteria?

Not All Bacteria Are Bad!!!

Bacteria Function Bacteria have a variety of important uses: Decompose organic matter (recycle nutrients from dead organisms) Human health (bacteria on skin help prevent infection & bacteria in gut helps digest food & make vitamins)

Bacteria Function Help make food (buttermilk, yogurt, cheese, pickles, and olives) Nitrogen fixation (chemically changes nitrogen gas, N2, into ammonia, NH3, so plants can make amino acids) BioTechnology (used to make antibiotics, insulin)

Bacteria Reproduction Binary Fission: asexual; cell splits into 2 identical cells.

Bacteria Reproduction Conjugation: cells exchange genetic info through pilus.

Bacteria Form Endospores If conditions are unfavorable, forming an endospore allows bacteria to remain dormant until conditions are favorable again.

Some Bacteria Are Bad!!! Some bacteria cause diseases like Strep throat, pneumonia & food poisoning Controlling the growth of bacteria Antibiotics: Medicine taken to kill bacteria AFTER infection Vaccines: Shot taken to PREVENT bacterial infection Disinfectants: Used to kill bacteria on surfaces like countertops, toilets

Bacteria Lab

Warm-Up Fri 2/10 Use the following dichotomous key to identify butterfly fish C. Make sure you follow the rules for writing scientific names!!!