Page 44-53 Practice problems: pg 53, #1,3,5,8,10 The Prokaryotes Page 44-53 Practice problems: pg 53, #1,3,5,8,10

Activity – What do you think Read the section on page 44 entitled “How Important Are Microscopic Organisms” Copy questions 1-4 into your notes. Answer to the best of your knowledge

Prokaryotes Single-celled organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotes Smallest living organisms Found living everywhere on Earth Some are: Heterotrophs: Autotrophs: Chemotrophs:

Roles of Prokaryotes Pathogens: Examples: Decomposers: Food spoilage

Roles of Prokaryotes

Roles of Prokaryotes Example: in the intestines of animals Live together with other organisms Mutualistic relationship: Example: in the intestines of animals The bacteria get a __________________ The animals get __________________________________ __________________________________

Roles of Prokaryotes Live together with other organisms Example: associated with plant roots What do each organism get?

Roles of prokaryotes Used in food production Cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, etc Example: Brevibacterium linens is one of the bacteria involved in the production of blue cheese Most recently, bacteria have been utilized for their ability to produce chemicals like ___________ and ___________

Kingdoms of Prokaryotes Split into: Eubacteria (true bacteria) Archaea (ancient organisms)

Eubacteria Capsule: Cell wall:

Eubacteria Chromosome: Plasmid: Flagellum and Pili:

Eubacterial Metabolism Aerobes: organisms that _____________ oxygen Why? Anaerobes: organisms that _____________ oxygen

Eubacterial Metabolism Obligate aerobes: Facultative aerobes: Obligate anaerobes:

Cell Division Cells divide by binary fission Definition? How is each daughter cell related?

Cell Division - Mutations Occasionally a bacteria will make an error (mutation) while copying it’s DNA and then the daughter cell have a different DNA What is the effect of mutations? Is this a good or bad thing?

Increasing Genetic Diversity Conjugation: Transformation: What is the purpose of these processes?

Archaea Extremophiles

Types of Archaea Methanogens

Types of Archaea Halophiles

Types of Archaea Thermophiles

Types of Archaea Psychrophiles