Bacteria Basics http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm

Where are bacteria found? Most bacteria like a warm, dark, and __________ environment, but they are found almost everywhere: -__________ -air -soil -_________ -on your skin -inside the body -on most objects http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF http://www.mctmnet.gov.om/committee/BACTERIA.GIF

How are bacteria classified? Bacteria are classified by shape: Spiral-shaped Rod-shaped __________ http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF

How do bacteria reproduce? Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, which is a type of asexual reproduction. asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only __________ parent binary fission- the process of one organism dividing into two organisms Fluorescence Imaging of Bacterial Binary Fission - YouTube www-raider.stjohns.k12.fl.us/.../ sv16.html

Bacteria reproduce more rapidly in warm, dark, and moist conditions. The time it takes for bacteria to reproduce depends on their _______________. Bacteria reproduce more rapidly in warm, dark, and moist conditions. Some can reproduce every 20 minutes. (At that rate, one bacterium could become one million bacteria in six hours.) http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF

A key to their survival Bacteria are able to survive ____________ conditions by forming endospores. Endospore - a thick walled, protective structure that forms inside the cell when conditions are unfavorable for survival A major cause of food poisoning because it allows the bacteria to withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions

Endospore (the black section in the middle)

How can bacteria be harmful? The ____________ produced by some bacteria spoil food. Since bacteria reproduce better in warm temperatures, it helps to keep food cold.

This can happen in several ways: through the air some bacteria cause ______________ diseases (diseases passed from one organism to another) This can happen in several ways: through the air by touching contaminated clothing, food, silverware, toothbrush, etc. drinking water that contains bacteria http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Some Bacterial Illnesses                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Some Bacterial Illnesses Food poisoning Lyme disease Tetanus (Lockjaw) Tuberculosis ______________ http://www.denniskunkel.com/PublicHtml/Edu-SearchResults.asp?Category=&ImageNumber=&Keyword3=&Keyword2=&Keyword1=bacteria&offset=60

Treatments for Bacterial Infections                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Treatments for Bacterial Infections ______________ such as Amoxicillin help to cure bacterial infections Antibiotic ointments and sprays kill bacteria in cuts and scrapes http://www.denniskunkel.com/PublicHtml/Edu-SearchResults.asp?Category=&ImageNumber=&Keyword3=&Keyword2=&Keyword1=bacteria&offset=60

How can bacteria be helpful? Some bacteria _________________ (break down) dead organisms, which recycles nutrients into the soil for other organisms to use to grow. E-coli bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay, and in humans to break down high fiber foods. Many are used to make antibiotics. http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Some bacteria help make insulin to treat diabetes. Bacteria are used to treat ____________. Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or an unsightly mess. http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Help produce foods such as: Cheese Apple cider ___________ Pickles http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Sourdough bread Yogurt Cottage cheese ______________ Buttermilk http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

How can bacteria be controlled? 1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria 2) ____________________- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria and then cooling it quickly http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm 3) Dehydration- removing water from food (Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal)

Antiseptics & Disinfectants Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things means – “against infection” Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash ________________- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things