We will learn… How oil and natural gas are formed Where they are found How they are extracted from the ground What products we use every day are made from petroleum Introduction to Oil and Natural Gas

Fossil Fuels – Natures Batteries 80% of the worlds energy comes from fossil fuels Oil Natural gas Coal

Fossil fuels were forming before dinosaurs lived

How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use?

Exploration: a treasure hunt to find oil and gas Geologists study rocks on the Earths surface and underground Geologists make a map of the rocks where they think oil and gas might be found Photo by John Simmons, OnTV © The Geological Society of London

Drilling and Production Engineers use the geology map to drill a well under the Earths surface using a rig If successful, the well will bring a steady flow of oil and gas to the surface

Where Do Oil and Gas Come From? Microscopic View GasOil Water Source Rock (Fossils) Oil drops in grains of sand

Oil and Gas Are Found On Land and under Water

Oils and Gas Are Often Found Together Oil is a liquid Gas is in a gaseous (invisible) state – like air Oil and gas move through sand as a team

Extraction After the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head. An electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever. The lever pushes and pulls, forcing the pump up and down, and creates a suction that draws up the oil.

Transportation Crude oil and refined products are transported across the water in barges and tankers. On land crude oil and products are moved using pipelines, trucks, and trains. Photo above courtesy of BP

Refining Chemicals and heat are used to remove water and solids Natural gas is separated Cracking and rearranging molecules prepares the finished products Oil is then stored in tanks. Photo courtesy of © BP p.l.c.

Energy Companies Help Protect the Environment Clean up areas after drilling Care for plants, animals and the Earth in work areas Follow governmental rules

Where Would We Be Without Petroleum? You can kiss lipstick good-bye. Artificial Hearts Aspirin Balloons Bandages Blenders Cameras Candles CD Players Clothing Compact Discs/DVDs Computers Containers Crayons Credit Cards Dentures Deodorant Digital Clocks Dyes Fertilizers Food Preservatives Footballs Furniture Garbage Bags Glasses Glue Golf Balls Hair Dryers Hang Gliders House Paint Ink Insecticides Life Jackets Lipstick Luggage Medical Equipment Medicines MP3 Players Pantyhose Patio Screens Perfumes Photographic Film Photographs Piano Keys Roller Blades Roofing Shampoo Shaving Cream Soft Contact Lenses Surfboards Telephones Tents Toothpaste Toys Umbrellas