Chapter 12 Section 1 The United Kingdom Clifford’s Tower (Medieval castle in York) HMS Victory-World’s oldest naval ship Houses of Parliament (Big Ben)

The United Kingdom Made up of 4 regions 1) England 2) Scotland 3) Wales 4) Northern Ireland * On September 18, 2014 Scotland had a vote (85% turn out) to decide if they were going to become an independent country. Results: 55% chose to stay with the UK, and 45% wanted independence.

A) The Land A little bit smaller than Oregon Very close to the mainland of Europe and also the North Sea. Its location makes it one of the world’s major trading nations.

1) The Landscape Eastern side of country has lowlands (rolling plains, fertile fields) Western side of country has highland areas, which most of them are moors (vocab word). Moors are treeless landscapes often swept by strong winds.

A picture of a moor. A picture of What the moors Look like.

2) The Climate Has a mild climate. (Why?) Because of the North Atlantic Current which is an extension of the Gulf Stream. The North Atlantic Current warms it in the winter, and cools it in the summer. There is lots of rain and fog in this area. Very damp weather.

Europe vocabulary words Europe vocabulary words are due __________________. Will you be able to stay in Student of the Year? Do you know how many words you have to complete? (50 points)

B) The Economy United Kingdom sparked the Industrial Revolution in the 1800’s. United Kingdom was the world’s leading economic power during 1800’s. Major industrial and trading country. Some reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in the U.K.: 1) Had coal & iron 2) Had large supplies of people 3) Had wool and imported cotton

Blurry Picture of an Industry

1) Resources & Manufacturing Leading natural resource is Oil. (Also have coal and natural gas) UK is the leading oil producer in Europe. New higher technology industries (Computers & Electronic equipment) are replacing older industries (ships, cars)

Digging for Oil

2) Farming > They import about 1/3 of their food supply. Why? Because there is not enough farmland for its large population. Main crops are wheat, barley, potatoes, fruits and vegetables. Farmers raise cattle and sheep. Great dairy industry.

Economy facts: GDP: 2.7 Trillion (Ranked #9 in world) Exports: 436 Billion (Ranked #10 in world) Major exporting partners are U.S., Germany, Switzerland, and China. Imports: 628 Billion (Ranked #4 in world) Major importing partners are Germany, China, U.S., Netherlands, France

Brexit Word that means UK leaving the EU - merging the words Britain and exit to get Brexit. More than 30 million people voted and they decided to leave the European Union. (52% to 48%). Voter turnout was 71.8%. The UK economy appears to have weathered the initial shock of the Brexit vote, although the value of the pound remains near a 30-year low, but opinion is sharply divided over the long-term effects of leaving the EU.

Brexit continued For the UK to leave the EU it has to invoke an agreement called Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. Gives the two sides two years to agree the terms of the split. Process supposed to start March 2017, meaning the UK will be expected to have left by the summer of 2019. EU law still stands in the UK until it ceases being a member. The UK will continue to abide by EU treaties and laws, but not take part in any decision-making.

Europe Map due _________! Map is worth 55 points and counts towards student of the year!

C) The People 64.5 million people. (#22 in world) The capital city is London. London is one of the most populated cities in Europe. They speak English. Main religion is Christian . 83% of people live in cities or towns. Life expectancy: 80.7 yrs (#33)

1) From Past to Present In 1707 England, Wales, Scotland formed United Kingdom. In the mid 1800’s it became the world’s largest overseas empire. Famous writers ( William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Emily Bronte)

D) Government They have a parliamentary democracy. This is when voters elect the gov’t leader, which is the prime minister. Also have a constitutional monarchy which means a king or queen represents the country at public events. Executive branch: Queen Elizabeth II (since Feb. 6 1952)

Gov’t continued Prime Minister- Was David Cameron (since May 11, 2010) until he was so mad at the citizens of UK voting to leave the European Union, he resigned as Prime Minister. New Prime Minister is Theresa May. (since 13 July 2016)

Blarney Castle Cliffs of Moher Republic of Ireland Blarney Castle Cliffs of Moher

Republic of Ireland

Republic of Ireland 4.95 million people (#122) Main religion is Roman Catholic 85% Capital city is Dublin (largest city as well) Ireland’s nickname is the Emerald Isle because of its green color.

A) The landscape (#120) Center of the country has rolling plains with low hills. Forests and farmland cover this central lowland. Very rich in peat (vocab word) decaying plants that can be used for fuel. Along the coast you have rocky highlands.

B) The Climate Ireland is very close to the sea. Warmed by moist winds from the North Atlantic Current. Lots of rain and mist in Ireland The landscape is always green because of so much rain.

C) The Economy Mild and rainy climate favors farming. Farming and industry are big for their economy. Manufacturing of machinery and transportation equipment exported to U.K. and European mainland. Port cities (Dublin, Cork) GDP: 258 billion (#52 in world) Pop. Below poverty line: 5.5%

D) The People The Celts settled in Ireland during 300 B.C. The official language is Gaelic and English. Most people speak English 63% of people live in cities Life expectancy: 81 yrs. old (#31) Literacy rate: 99%

1) Influences of the Past British governed Ireland for 800 years. Religion and gov’t controls mixed to cause disagreement. Irish people resisted British rule & demands that the Roman Catholic country become Protestant. British officials seized the land and gave it to English & Scottish Protestants.

In 1921 the southern part of Ireland won independence from the United Kingdom and became the republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland stayed with the United Kingdom. Disagreement over Northern Ireland has turned into violence. (1960’s-1990’s) Violence has slowed down but people are still not happy about the situation.

E) Government Parliamentary Republic President- Michael Higgins (since October 29, 2011) President can serve “2” seven year terms! Prime Minister- Enda Kenny National Holiday- St. Patrick’s Day