Chapter 6 APUSH Mrs. Price “The Constitution only guarantees the American People the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.” – Benjamin Franklin

Constitutional Convention 1787 To fix weaknesses of Articles of Confed. All but Rhode Island Proceedings kept secret Participants: wealthy & well-known Weaknesses:

Compromises Representation 1. New Jersey Plan: 1 house – equal 2. Virginia Plan: 2 houses – population 3. Great Compromise: 2 houses Electoral College

Compromises cont. 3/5 Compromise (slaves) Slave trade into nation would end in 1807 Commerce Compromise: Congress could tax imports but not exports

Ratification Needed 9 to ratify 1st to ratify: DE; Last: RI Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists 1. Federalists: supported Constitution, property owners, lived along coast 2. Anti-Federalists: supporters of states’ rights, poorer classes, from backcountry

Federalist Papers Written to convince NY to ratify Jay, Madison, & Hamilton

New Government Begins Washington elected 3 Executive Depts created 1. State: Jefferson 2. War: Knox 3. Treasury: Hamilton Bill of Rights added (1791)

New Govt cont. Courts established 1. Judiciary Act of 1789: federal courts & attorney general 2. 1st Chief Justice: John Jay

New Economy Hamilton urges funding the public debt & assumption of state debts National debt is good Money to come from tariff on foreign trade (8%) & excise tax on whiskey Creation of national Bank (Hamilton)

Whiskey Rebellion Farmers in southwestern PA refused to pay excise tax Washington calls out militia (13,000) Rebellion ended quickly Criticism of Washington 1794

Birth of Political Parties Developed from Jefferson/Madison vs. Hamilton feud (1792-93)

Federalists Followers of Hamilton Strong central govt Pro-British in foreign policy Govt should encourage business Believed in govt by upper class Most lived in urban areas of eastern seaboard

Republicans Followers of Jefferson & Madison Feared strong central govt Pro-French in foreign policy Wanted a nation of small farmers Advocated rule by the people Mostly in South & SW & rural areas

Difficulties with Foreign Affairs France & Britain went to war (1793) Washington issues Neutrality Proclamation Citizen Genet (France) breaks rules of diplomacy

Citizen Genet Encouraged Americans to help France with their fight against England. Washington put a quick end to his actions.

Problems with Britain Kept frontier forts in US Sold guns to Native Americans British Navy impressed sailors & seized ships

Jay’s Treaty (1794) Britain promised to evacuate Western Forts Britain agreed to pay damages to impressed ships (Mainly Northerners) The United States agreed to pay back pre-revolutionary debts (mainly Southerners)

Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 With Spain US received free navigation of Mississippi River & use of port of New Orleans

Election of 1796 John Adams (F) vs. Thomas Jefferson (DR) Adams becomes President Jefferson: VP

Adams Presidency Quasi-War with France XYZ Affair (1797): demand for a bribe to speak to Talleyrand 1800: US & France negotiate peace Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) 1. Citizenship requirements increased (5 to 14 years) 2. Crime to defame govt officials

Election of 1800 Jefferson defeats Adams but ties with Burr (VP candidate) H of R decides: picks Jefferson due to influence of Hamilton

What Hamilton said of Burr [He is] "For or against nothing, but as it suits his interests or ambition. I feel the religious duty to oppose his career." To Oliver Wolcott Jr. (Hamilton's successor as Sec. of Treasury) about 1800 election and Burr, "There is no doubt that upon every virtuous and prudent calculation Jefferson is to be preferred. He is by far not so dangerous a man and he has pretensions to character."