Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Geothermal exploration in the Fell Sandstone Formation (Mississippian) beneath the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: the Newcastle Science Central Deep Geothermal Borehole by Paul L. Younger, David A. C. Manning, David Millward, Jonathan P. Busby, Charles R. C. Jones, and Jonathan G. Gluyas Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Volume 49(4):350-363 November 28, 2016 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Map of NE England showing the principal geological features and selected deep boreholes. Map of NE England showing the principal geological features and selected deep boreholes. Contours, in kilometres below Ordnance Datum, indicate the upper surface of the North Pennine Batholith (after Kimbell et al. 2010). The larger inset map shows the location of the Science Central Borehole site in central Newcastle upon Tyne in relation to numbered public highways. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Geological data are from the British Geological Survey DiGMapGB © NERC 2015. Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Science Central well construction diagram. Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Summary interpreted geological log for the Science Central Borehole, with natural gamma-ray logs that were used to assist interpretation of cuttings. Summary interpreted geological log for the Science Central Borehole, with natural gamma-ray logs that were used to assist interpretation of cuttings. Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Plots of temperature (diagonal black line), temperature gradient (grey line in left-hand plot) and estimated thermal conductivity (grey line in right-hand plot) for depths below 500 m in the Science Central borehole. Plots of temperature (diagonal black line), temperature gradient (grey line in left-hand plot) and estimated thermal conductivity (grey line in right-hand plot) for depths below 500 m in the Science Central borehole. The stratigraphic log, summarized from the full version in Figure 3, is shown on the right. Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Bullard thermal resistance plot calculated for depths below 500 m in the Science Central Borehole. Bullard thermal resistance plot calculated for depths below 500 m in the Science Central Borehole. Linear regression has been applied to sections of the plot corresponding to the upper, middle and lower sections of the borehole. Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Water-level recovery data for the post-airlift recovery of water levels in the Science Central Borehole in March 2014 from a maximum drawdown of 805 m. Water-level recovery data for the post-airlift recovery of water levels in the Science Central Borehole in March 2014 from a maximum drawdown of 805 m. (a) Early linear phase of the recovery; (b) overall recovery plot. Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Analysis of water-level recovery data in the Science Central Borehole (March 2014 test) using the method of Cooper et al. Analysis of water-level recovery data in the Science Central Borehole (March 2014 test) using the method of Cooper et al. (1967). Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏

Water compositions for samples taken from Science Central well, the Eastgate borehole (Manning et al. 2007) and Backworth, Westoe, South Hetton and Horden collieries (Edmunds 1975). Water compositions for samples taken from Science Central well, the Eastgate borehole (Manning et al. 2007) and Backworth, Westoe, South Hetton and Horden collieries (Edmunds 1975). Paul L. Younger et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2016;49:350-363 © 2016 The Author(s)‏