Global Experiences in conducting Post Disaster Needs Assessment Towards increased efficiency in post-disaster impact evaluation Thursday 20 May 2010 Brussels Doekle Wielinga Deputy Manager Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Sr. Disaster Risk Management Specialist GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

GFDRR is the collective commitment of the Governments, Global Distribution of Multiple Hazards Mortality Risk Source: UN Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2009 GFDRR is the collective commitment of the Governments, UN and the WB to make disaster (risk) management integral to the longer term development agenda of the disaster-prone economies. GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

GFDRR is the global response to this global challenge of increasing disaster risks to development Established in 2006 in the wake of increased global awareness and political commitment after the Indian Ocean tsunami [2005] Assist developing countries to implement Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA) adopted by 168 nations in Kobe, Japan [2005] Facilitate global sharing and exchange of knowledge and experiences in all aspects of disaster risk management Leveraging World Bank’s analytical and advisory services, and reconstruction and development financing for mainstreaming disaster prevention Model Partnership to ensure global coordination in managing and reducing risks of disasters among the key stakeholders(developing countries, emerging economies, donors, UN, Red Cross/Crescent, WB and others) GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

GFDRR Consultative Group fosters North-South and South-South Cooperation in disaster prevention and preparedness GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

The GFDRR Business Model Global and regional partnerships (“Track I”) Building Stronger and inclusive Partnerships, Broadening GFDDR Governance, expanding (sub) regional cooperation, harnessing the Private sector Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (“Track II”) Mainstreaming at policy level and within sector development, institutional strengthening, DRR focus on urbanization and adaptation to climate change Special Initiatives: The Economics of Disaster Risk Reduction Generate evidence for disaster risk reduction South-South Cooperation Enhancing collaboration among Southern Governments, institutions, networks, and communities Ex Ante Disaster Risk Reduction is Integral Part of Sustainable Development Capacity Building Tools and Methodologies Knowledge Sharing The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a partnership of the World Bank, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN ISDR), and an expanding group of donor governments. Established in 2006, in response to calls from the international community to accelerate the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), GFDRR has received in less than 3 years more than $83 million in donor pledges. GFDRR has initiated operations in 54 countries during its first two years, and is currently deepening its engagement with 20 disaster hotspots. More recently, GFDRR initiated a joint Bank-UN assessment on the Economics of Disaster Risk Reduction (to be launched in Fall 2009) and a South-South Cooperation Program for Disaster Risk Reduction to enhance collaboration among Southern governments, institutions, networks, and communities.   GFDRR offers a new business model based on ex ante support to high risk countries and ex post assistance for accelerated transition from relief to development after a disaster. The Hyogo Framework for Action is the UN global blueprint for disaster risk reduction efforts, signed by 168 governments in 2005. As of April 2009, GFDRR has received donor pledges from: Denmark ($ 9.2m), Australia ($5.3m), Canada($3.5m), European Commission ($0.3m), France ($1.2m), Italy ($5.1m), Japan (6.0m), Luxembourg ($2.9m), Norway ($7.1m), Spain ($6.0m), Sweden ($8.6m), Switzerland ($2.3m), United Kingdom ($8.7m), The World Bank ($16.8m). Partnership for Sustainable Recovery (“Track III”) Resilient recovery: institutional strengthening, improving coordination in recovery assistance, accelerate recovery financing that invests in disaster risk reduction Ex Post

Track III: Sustainable Post-Disaster Recovery GFDRR established in 2007 the Standby Recovery Financing Facility (SRFF) - to bridge the gap between humanitarian assistance in the wake of a disaster and longer term recovery. GFDRR Track III encompasses two financing windows : TA Fund, to support ex-ante and ex-post technical assistance Post Disaster Needs Assessments (PDNAs) jointly with EC and UN, planning, and capacity building. Callable Fund, to provide speedy access to financial resources for disaster recovery. Ex post, GFDRR assistance bridges the gap between humanitarian assistance and development in post-disaster situations by focusing on longer term recovery and promoting ‘build back better’ approach in the reconstruction phase. It makes seed money available to Bank region/country teams to launch coordinated disaster damage and needs assessments in coordination with host governments, helping them to plan for recovery and reconstruction. It is available through two trust funds:   A Technical Assistance Fund to strengthen preparedness and contingency planning for disaster recovery. This includes planning and implementing coordinated (World Bank, UN, European Union, and other international financial institutions and donors) damage, loss, and needs assessments; setting up stand-by teams of experts to be deployed in post-disaster assessments; building capacity; and sharing good practices ; and the first-ever Callable Fund—inter alia a fund in readiness based on standby agreements with GFDRR donors—to mobilize international support for financing disaster recovery and reconstruction and support coordinated recovery efforts. This mechanism has been activated twice in recent months—after Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh and Hurricane Ivan in Madagascar.

Why is Recovery important Links the humanitarian phase to the long-term reconstruction phase It is a window of opportunity to bring attention to the importance of DRR especially in LICs (limited fiscal space/no incentive to invest in disaster prevention) and integrate risk reduction both at policy and sector level It links with ex ante disaster prevention and climate change adaptation to reduce long-term vulnerability Provides an opportunity to promote ‘Build Better’: new constructions should meet modern standards, not just be better than the destroyed (safe schools and hospitals) Recovery: Restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors (ISDR definition)

Elements of a Recovery Planning Process PDNA Recovery and Reconstruction Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Pre Disaster Planning 9/20/2018

The Recovery Continuum

Joint EC-WB-UN in-country PDNAs since 2007 Completed: Bangladesh (2008) Bolivia (2008) Madagascar (2008) Myanmar (2008) Haiti (2008) Yemen (2008) Namibia (2009) Central African Republic (2009) Samoa (2009) The Philippines (2009) Indonesia (2009) Lao PDR (2009) Cambodia (2009) Burkina Faso (2009) Senegal (2009) El Salvador (2009) Haiti (2010) Planned: Chili (2010) Funding for Post Disaster Recovery Activities (list some countries)

Post Disaster Needs Assessment - PDNA - = Evaluation of impact and needs for recovery and reconstruction Government-led, supported by the international community Platform for technical and financial coordination in recovery and reconstruction planning and implementation An evaluation that integrates risk reduction in sector approaches as well at strategy level Essential building block of sustainable recovery and reconstruction GFDRR’s role as facilitator of the PDNA

1. Objectives of a PDNA: Quantitative estimation of the value of destruction or damage to assets and of changes or losses in economic flows due to the disaster To identify the possible impact of the disaster on the overall performance of the economy of the affected country or area, and also on individual persons or on households To estimate financial, technical and human needs to implement the agreed upon programs of recovery, reconstruction and risk management To identify the capacity of the State to undertake on its own all recovery, reconstruction, and disaster risk management programs and activities To ascertain whether international assistance is needed its scope and timeframe To identify specific public sector actions at the State or lower levels to be undertaken in the short, medium and long term to ensure recovery and reconstruction

Government Ownership: Governments increasingly customize the Post Disaster Needs Assessment to their specific needs. ….. Haiti, Philippines, Indonesia… Tendency towards a more pro-active ownership of the PDNA process, compare to a more passive approach previously ….. Namibia, Burkina Faso, Indonesia, Haiti… Regional organizations can play an important role …. ASEAN in Myanmar and ECOWAS for West Africa… Partnership approach requires new communication practices from affected Governments with the international community ….Joint instead of individual…

Coordination & Partnership: Increasing interest of global, regional organizations, bilateral donors and neighboring countries to participate ... Myanmar, Indonesia, Samoa… ... Haiti the entire international community was united, including EC and EU members states… PDNA becomes a platform to further coordinate recovery and reconstruction and leads to new partnerships …Haiti Reconstruction Fund… …Tri-partite Joint Declaration EC, WB, UN … ... MoU ASEAN, WB, UNISDR… … Random Hackers of Kindness, JRC, UNOSAT Need to streamline the mobilization of experts, protocols of cooperation and methodology to address human needs ... Rosters of national, regional and global experts…. ... Standard operating procedures from alert to lessons learned … ... PDNA Handbook …

Disasters: Shift from response to preparedness and development Disaster Risk Reduction: Disaster risk reduction is integrated into sector analysis to make the needs assessment disaster proof … Madagascar, Namibia, Senegal, Yemen… A section dedicated to disaster risk management to address the policy, strategy and institutional issues … all assessments; Bangladesh, Yemen, El Salvador, Haiti… Disasters: Shift from response to preparedness and development

Sustainable Recovery & Reconstruction: Needs are assessed as part of an overarching strategy that addresses the immediate, medium-term and long term recovery and reconstruction needs Funds are leveraged based upon the PDNA results … Bangladesh US$ 109 Million, incl. US$ 2.3 Million form GFDRR … … Central African Republic US$ 5.4 Million, Samoa US$ 40 Million … … Haiti US$ 9.9 Billion …. The recovery process is monitored to provide guidance to decision makers … Social Impact Monitoring in Myanmar … The post-disaster situation provides the opportunity to establish or strengthen a long term partnership in risk reduction … flood management in Yemen … … flood protection for Metro Manila … … risk reduction becomes mayor theme of El Salvador’s 5 year development plan …

Role of GFDRR as facilitator of the PDNA -1-: From 2008 onwards GFDRR, through its Standby Recovery Financing Facility (SRFF) has financially and technically supported 19 Post Disaster Needs Assessment - 18 PDNA, 1 PCNA- The average contribution to a PDNA has been US$ 240,000, though small scale disaster require US$ 100,000 while catastrophic disasters (Myanmar, Haiti Earthquake) require US$ 500,000 and above Technical expertise is provided at coordination level and sector level, utilizing a WB internal roster; the Quick Reaction Team, and an ever increasing external roster; the Global Expert Team Coordination with the EC started in 2006 , facilitated by DG Relex/Crisis Unit

Role of GFDRR as facilitator of the PDNA - 2 -: The SRFF is increasingly becoming the global coordination hub for financing PDNA and mobilize the required expertise and knowledge through innovative mechanisms … administrating funds for partners… … roster of experts – Quick Reaction Team and Global Expert Team … … hosting EU member state and emerging economy experts … ... guidance and best practice notes … EC is one of the most important GFDRR partners that facilitates PDNA financing

Thank You!