Group Quantitative Designs First, let us consider how one chooses a design. There is no easy formula for choice of design. The choice of a design should be based on overall considerations of the study, that is, the theoretical framework, the problem, the hypotheses, the treatments, measures, settings, costs, feasibility, and time, to name a few.

Correlational research Assesses strength of a relationship between two or more variables. Cannot imply causality However it can: Help with prediction of future events Provide data that is consistent or inconsistent with a particular scientific theory. Correlational research can’t prove a theory, but it can disprove/negate a theory.

Correlational Research Methods What is main purpose of Corre

Pre-Experimental Designs One-Shot Case Study X O One Group Pretest-Posttest Design O1 X O2 Intact Group Comparison X O1 -------------- O2

Experimental Designs Posttest-Only Control Group Design R X O1 R O2 Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design R O1 X O2 R O3 O4

Quasi-Experimental Designs Nonequivalent Control Group Design O1 X O2 -------------------------- O3 O4 Separate Sample Pretest-Posttest Designs O1 X O2 -------------------------------- O3 O4 X O5

Quasi-Experimental Designs Interrupted Time-Series Design O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8 Recurrent Institutional Cycle Design (institutional cohort design) X O1 ------------------------ O2 X O3

Ex Post Facto Designs One-Shot Case Study One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design Co-Relational Study O1 O2 Static Group Design X O --------- O