Do Now Explain Burgoyne’s plan Make sure to include all the British/American Generals involved.

Washington Howe

34,000 troops 10,000 sailors Had ships 20,000 troops No navy 1,400 killed, wounded or captured 34,000 troops 10,000 sailors Had ships

Washington led his troops down to New York in anticipation of British Battle of Long Island Washington led his troops down to New York in anticipation of British In August, Howe’s army landed on Long Island

British forces caused Washington’s troop to retreat to Manhattan and then in November across Hudson River through New Jersey toward Pennsylvania

Nathan Hale

Nathan Hale Washington used many spies to find out where the enemy was Nathan Hale is a 21 year old Connecticut officer He hides maps and other information in his shoes

He gets caught He does not get a trial. General Howe orders Hale hanged on Sept. 21, 1776 He declared what by legend says “I only regret that I have one life to give for my country”

Nathan Hale

Battle of Trenton As almost a final resort, George Washington decides to cross Delaware River from Pennsylvania on December 25, 1776.

He leads them across treacherous icy river and surprises weary Hessian troops

Washington v. Colonel Rahl

They capture/kill most of the Hessians 2400 troops They capture/kill most of the Hessians Capture weapons 1200 Hessian troops (German mercenaries)

Surrender

Battle of Princeton

Washington Cornwallis

Battle of Princeton British General Lord Charles Cornwallis hears about Battle of Trenton and tries to capture Washington

He sees the fires of Washington’s troops burning and says “At last, we have run down the old fox…and we shall bag him in the morning.”

Little did he know…Washington had moved his troops. They doubled back and attacked British and won!

From there he moved to Morristown for the winter

British General John Burgoyne’s plan

The British Plan Because the British were having a hard time beating the rebels…Burgoyne devised a plan in early 1777…Isolate New England..and the war would be over

The Plan.. March on Albany, New York from 3 directions. This would cut off supplies and soldiers from New England. His plan called for General Howe to come from New York City.

The King had other ideas He wanted Howe to get Philadelphia first. In July 1777, he sailed to Chesapeake Bay and marched to Philadelphia.

Howe captured Philadelphia after defeating the Americans at Brandywine and Germantown Rather than going to Albany, he spent the winter in Philadelphia Washington’s troops spent winter in Valley Forge

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold stops another British army under the command of St. Leger at Fort Stanwix. This leaves only Burgoyne’s army to go to march on Albany

The British were slowed down because they were trying to move heavy baggage carts through the woods and Patriots cut down trees and dammed up streams to block the route.

British recapture Fort Ticonderoga But then….remember the Green Mountain Boys?

Battle of Saratoga

Battle of Saratoga Green Mountain Boys rushed in from Vermont. The Americans (Gates, Arnold) surrounded the British Burgoyne surrendered on October 17, 1777

What Battle did for U.S. Was a major turning point in war Ended British threat to New England Convinced France to become an ally---Groups that work together to achieve common goal.

Other countries like Prussia helped train the army. Two Polish officers helped build forts and trained the cavalry troops on horseback

Valley Forge

Valley Forge Winter of 1777-1778 was long and extremely cold Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease. They had no shoes.

They got through that winter and they knew that their darkest hour was done.