ENERGY STAR® Focusing on Energy Efficiency for the Drinking Water and Wastewater Industries Caterina (Katy) Hatcher ENERGY STAR National Manager, Public Sector US EPA WEFTEC 2007

ENERGY STAR Voluntary government program Promotes strategic energy management and measures energy and environmental performance emphasis on: strong energy management using benchmarks for gauging improvement use of available technology now learning from each other - efficiency forum

Meet the ENERGY STAR Challenge What is the Challenge? EPA, through ENERGY STAR, is challenging organizations to improve building and plant energy efficiency by 10% or more The Challenge Promotes Three Important Actions: Determine how much energy plants/buildings are using Establish efficiency improvement goals Make improvements The buildings in which we work, shop, and educate our children use about $80 billion worth of electricity and natural gas each year. These buildings use much of their energy at peak times, helping drive the need for new power generation and more natural gas*. They also contribute about 20% of our national emissions of greenhouse gases. It is time to make these buildings part of the energy efficiency solution – and help build a better world. EPA, in partnership with business and community leaders, is challenging building owners across the country to improve the efficiency of their buildings by 10% or more. EPA estimates that if each building owner took on this challenge, by 2015 Americans would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 20 MMTCE, equivalent to the emissions from 15 million vehicles, all while saving about $10 billion. Leaders across the country already are showing that energy use in buildings can be reduced by 10%, 20%, 30% and even more with proven practices and technologies that pay off financially and for our environment.

Organizations Can Get Involved Join/Take Challenge Measure and Verify energy use Portfolio Manager National rating Compare groups/sharing feature Track improvement over a normalized baseline Prioritize investments Ratings provided, but Label not yet being awarded for wastewater treatment plants Reduce energy across portfolio ENERGY STAR Guidelines for Energy Management

ENERGY STAR & Strategic Energy Management Approach based on the successful energy management practices of thousands of commercial and industrial organizations

Goals for the ENERGY STAR Water and Wastewater Focus Create momentum for continued improvement of energy efficiency Identify and tackle barriers to energy efficiency in both industries Provide tools and resources to enhance energy performance Uncover new energy saving opportunities Encourage networking about EE/RE best practices

ENERGY STAR Water & Wastewater Focus EPA’s ENERGY STAR Focus Support Team Cadmus Group – Overall support Catalyst Financial Group – financing solutions LBNL – ENERGY STAR Energy Guides EPA – benchmark development support Ted Jones - Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Special Focus Participants EPA Office of Water and Regional Offices - R1 Linda Reekie, AwwaRF Steve Carlson, CHD Energy supporting the AwwaRF Water and Wastewater Utility Energy Index Many others …

Components of a Focus Development of program tools and resources: Energy performance rating/benchmarking system for each industry that is normalized for variable – weather, plant/system characteristics, etc. (wastewater Oct 2007, drinking water TBD) ENERGY STAR Guides - technical energy efficiency opportunities assessment report for water and wastewater utility managers (public drafts in review this Fall) Financing solutions (primer and on-line training Fall 2007) Recognition opportunities (being developed) Energy efficiency discussions (ongoing)

Benchmarking Expanding EPA’s Energy Performance Rating System for use by water and wastewater utilities to rate energy performance Accessed on-line - Portfolio Manager Engine(s) behind the rating system AwwaRF Project - National Survey Data Regression Analysis

Definition and Data Needed Wastewater Treatment Plant A wastewater treatment plant - facility designed to treat municipal wastewater. The level of treatment at a plant will vary based on the BOD limits and the specific processes involved. Used for primary, secondary, and advanced treatment facilities with or without nutrient removal. Treatment processes may include biological, chemical, and physical treatment. This space type is best applied to wastewater treatment facilities of 150 MGD or smaller. This space type does not apply to water treatment and distribution facilities. The following information is required for wastewater treatment facilities: Zip code Average influent flow Average influent biological oxygen demand Average effluent biological oxygen demand Plant design flow rate Presence of fixed film trickle filtration process Presence of nutrient removal process removal process

Portfolio Manager: Facility Summary View 11

Carbon Emissions Portfolio Manager can now help organizations: Compare carbon emissions within region and across US Measure emissions reductions Carbon Emissions Factors for Electricity (indirect emissions): eGRID - EPA’s Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database Consistent with factors used by major greenhouse gas reporting protocols - World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development Greenhouse Gas Protocol Carbon Emissions from Other Fuels (direct emissions): National factors - currently being updated This consistency makes it easier for organizations to quantify their carbon inventories and provides a transparent corporate accounting, inventory, and reporting method.

On-site Energy Generation You can enter any metered data in Portfolio Manager; however… Need to decide whether to “add meter to total energy use” for Rating Only energy that crosses the curb and enters the facility should be included in the ENERGY STAR Rating Example - CHP system with a gas turbine cycle that produces steam through a heat recovery steam generator and this steam is used in a thermal loop to provide space heating Fuel being processed in the gas turbine cycle (i.e. natural gas) should be included Steam that is generated should not be included Example - CHP system consumes natural gas and produces on-site electricity. Natural gas should be included in your total facility energy use Electrical consumption should not Example - On-site renewable electric source (digester biogas, wind, solar) No energy crosses the curb, so no meter should be included in the total How do you enter steam generation from a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) from cogeneration?ﾊAnswerﾊOn-Site energy generation is treated ﾒfrom the perspective of the curbﾓ.ﾊ In other words, only energy that crosses the curb and enters the facility should be included.ﾊ When energy is generated on-site, the fuel that is being consumed (crosses the curb into the facility), should be added to your total, but the energy that is generated on-site should not.ﾊ For every meter you enter, the tool will ask you ﾒAdd this meter to the total facility energy use?ﾓﾊ For any fuel that crosses the curb and enters your facility from off site, the answer to this question is ﾒYesﾓ; for any energy generated on-site, the answer to this question is ﾒNoﾓ.ﾊ Although the power generated on-site is not included in your total facility energy use for the rating, monitoring its use is sound energy management and will help you increase your efficiency.ﾊﾊﾊIn an example application, a CHP system employs a gas turbine cycle that produces steam through a heat recovery steam generator and this steam is used in a thermal loop to provide space heating.ﾊ In this example, the fuel being processed in the gas turbine cycle (i.e. natural gas) should be included in the total facility energy use while the steam that is generated should not.ﾊﾊIn an equivalent example, a CHP system consumes natural gas and produces on-site electricity.ﾊ Here, the natural gas should be included in your total facility energy use, but the electrical consumption should not.ﾊﾊFinally, if your facility is using an on-site renewable electric source, we encourage you to monitor the electrical consumption.ﾊ However, when you enter this meter into the tool, you should also select ﾒNoﾓ to ﾒAdd this meter to the total facility energy useﾓ.ﾊ In this case, renewable energy consumption is not included in your total because no energy flows across the curb.

ENERGY STAR Energy Guides Summarizes available knowledge on energy use and energy efficiency in a particular sector Provides information on energy-efficient practices and technologies that are commercially available Includes characteristics like costs, benefits, energy savings Includes practical experiences of their use and application Based on assessment of proven energy-efficient practices in the U.S. and internationally Opportunities that can be used now Energy Guides are for operators at plants and energy managers, made with operators and experts

Water and Wastewater Focus ENERGY STAR Water and Wastewater Focus Contacts: Katy Hatcher, EPA ENERGY STAR (202) 343-9676 Hatcher.caterina@epa.gov

ENERGY STAR Energy Guides Audience: targeting medium to large utilities Within the utilities, for plant or system operators and energy managers Function of Energy Guides: identify opportunities preliminarily evaluate opportunities serve as a checklist for its users improve efficiency of energy management reduce information barriers learn from experiences … save energy, money and the environment…

Energy performance gap Example - Office Buildings 1 Worst Performers Best Performers Number of Buildings 25 50 75 100 EPA Rating & Energy Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year) 121.1 29.9 165.7 86.0 339.4 Normalized EUI for existing office buildings varies widely 30 kbtu/ft2 to 340 kBtu/ft2 Age and equipment not significant drivers of EUI One startling thing about this distribution is the wide variation of energy use/sq. ft. that a building can use. And this data has been adjusted to account for energy use differences that result from weather/climate, the hours of operation and plug loads. Because this is a normalized distribution, you won’t find that the top performers use little energy because they are in a mild climate and open for few hours. Likewise, the long tail doesn’t represents those hard working lawyers in Florida who need their A/C and computers 24 hours a day. But the actual data tells us something counter intuitive. Age of the building and the presence of efficient technologies are not significant predictors of energy use. As many new buildings and good technologies are among the top as they are in the bottom. What this signals to us- is there is a tremendous amount of waste in the market and that efficient technologies might not be performing as simulated.