By William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet By William Shakespeare

Summary Romeo and Juliet is a story about two teenagers who fall in love but are forbidden to see each other by their parents. They meet one night at a party (Romeo is actually there to check out another girl, Rosaline) and quickly fall in love. Unfortunately, Juliet’s parents already have a husband picked out for her. So, the two decide to get married and enlist the help of Juliet’s nurse to act as a messenger between the two and Friar Laurence who agrees to marry them. However, plans go awry after Romeo is banished from Verona and doesn’t get filled in on the plans that Juliet has for them to live happily ever after…

Setting The story is set in the late 1500’s mostly in the town of Verona, Italy. However, there are a few acts set in Mantua, Italy a smaller town just a few miles away.

Timeline Sunday – Act One Monday – Act Two Tuesday – Act Three Wednesday – Act Four Thursday – Act Five

The Feud Romeo’s family, the Montagues, have a long standing feud with Juliet’s family, the Capulets. While the audience never learns about the source of the ancient quarrel, we do learn that it has recently grown stronger.

Comedy and Tragedy Romeo and Juliet begins as a comedy but ends as a tragedy Elements of a tragedy Must have a tragic hero/heroine Ends in the death of many of the main characters Elements of a comedy A struggle of young lovers to overcome difficulty that is often presented by elders Heightened tensions, often within a family Comedic characters The shift from comedy to tragedy is what sets Romeo and Juliet apart from the rest of Shakespeare’s plays

Themes The power of love Love as a cause for violence Fate The inevitability of fate Hate Hate as a forced emotion

Character List ESCALUS, Prince of Verona PARIS, a young Nobleman, Kinsman to the Prince

Characters MONTAGUE & CAPULET, Heads of two Houses at variance with each other LADY CAPULET, Wife to Capulet JULIET, Daughter to Capulet LADY MONTAGUE, Wife to Montague ROMEO, son to Montague

Characters MERCUTIO, Kinsman to the Prince, Romeo’s best friend, & BENVOLIO, Nephew to Montague, Friends to Romeo TYBALT, Nephew to Lady Capulet NURSE, Nurse to Juliet FRIAR LAURENCE, a Franciscan, friend to Romeo, a priest of the Catholic Church

Characters FRIAR JOHN, of the same Order BALTHASAR, Servant to Romeo SAMPSON, & GREGORY, Servants to Capulet PETER, Servant to Juliet’s Nurse ABRAHAM, Servant to Montague

Characters An Apothecary Three Musicians Page to Mercutio; Page to Paris; another Page; an Officer Citizens of Verona; male and female Kinsfolk to both Houses; Masquers, Guards, Watchmen and Attendants

Writing Style Parts of Romeo and Juliet are written as a sonnet, a poem of 14 lines written and rhymed in iambic pentameter. Each sonnet ends with a couplet. In a Shakespearean sonnet the rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG A couplet is two consecutive lines that rhyme. Iambic pentameter refers to the rhythm of each line. It is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. “Bŭt sóft! Whăt líght throŭgh yóndĕr wíndŏw bréaks?”

Plagiarism!? Shakespeare did not invent the story of Romeo and Juliet. A poet named Arthur Brooks wrote the story of Romeus and Juliet as a long poem that was itself not original, but rather an adaptation of adaptations that stretched across nearly a hundred years and two languages. Many of the details of Shakespeare’s plot are taken directly from Brooks’ poem, including the meeting of Romeo and Juliet at the ball, their secret marriage, Romeo’s fight with Tybalt, the sleeping potion, and the timing of their suicides.

Interesting… The Italian city of Verona, where Romeo and Juliet lived, receives about 1,000 letters addressed to Juliet every Valentine's Day. “Star-crossed lovers” refers to two people who are in love but have conflicting astrological signs. In Shakespeare’s times, people believed the course of their lives was determined by the exact second they were born.

Verona Today Today, Verona has an incredible amount of graffiti, which is legal, provided that you are writing about your love for someone.