Long-term Synthesis of ARM Millimeter Cloud Radar and

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Presentation transcript:

Long-term Synthesis of ARM Millimeter Cloud Radar and Micropulse Lidar Observations Karen Johnson1, Michael Jensen1, Pavlos Kollias2, Jennifer Comstock3, Eugene Clothiaux4, Mark Miller5 1Brookhaven National Laboratory 2Pennsylvania State University 3McGill University 4Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 5Rutgers University 1) Multi-Year Radar and Lidar Observations 2) ARM’s Best-Estimate Radar-Lidar Synthesis: ARSCL The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program has ongoing multi-year records of Cloud Boundaries Hydrometeor Reflectivity Vertical Velocity, more… based on synthesized measurements from vertically pointing Millimeter Cloud Radar (35 GHz, 95 GHz) Micropulse Lidar Ceilometer Black Forest, Germany (2007) North Slope of Alaska (since 1998) Southern Great Plains (since 1996) ARM routinely processes radar, lidar, ceilometer and surface measurements from each site to produce a value-added product, ARSCL (Active Remote Sensing of CLouds), which provides cloud boundaries, best-estimate hydrometeor reflectivities, vertical velocities and spectrum widths. China (2008) Manus, PNG (since 1996) Nauru Island (since 1998) Darwin (since 2002) ARSCL Examples Niamey, Niger (2006) ARM has 5 fixed global sites and two ARM Mobile Facility deployments (to-date). 2006.05.31 Southern Great Plains Niamey, Niger 2006.08.18 Height (km) Time (hours) 16 24 95 GHz Radar Reflectivity Height (km) Time (hours) 24 14 dBZ 35 GHz Radar Reflectivity Radar modes are merged and artifacts removed. Data are freely available! www.arm.gov 14 16 18 12 10 8 Radar + Lidar 3) Cirrus Clouds as Detected by Radar and/or Lidar Cloud Top Heights Radar-only Lidar-only + + Heights (km) Micropulse Lidar Height (km) Time (hours) 24 16 Log10(power) Micropulse Lidar Height (km) Time (hours) 16 24 Log10(power) Fewer Lidar mid-level clouds due to attenuation The ARSCL product allows us to compare radar vs. lidar cloud detection. Right is a typical monthly histogram of radar-only vs. lidar-only vs. radar-plus-lidar cirrus clouds detections (above 6km). Below, heating rates were computed using SBDART to assess the radiative impact of cirrus missed due to radar-only or lidar-only detections. Radar misses high cloud Lidar backscatter is converted into a lidar cloud mask. 6 14 16 18 12 10 8 6 Radar-only Radar + Lidar Lidar-only Cloud Base Heights Heights (km) Best-Estimate Reflectivity plus Cloud Boundaries Height (km) Time (hours) 24 16 Height (km) Time (hours) 24 14 dBZ x 104 Sample Cloud Masks for Niamey, Niger Number of Occurrences Radar, lidar and ceilometer are combined to distinguish cloud and precipitation, 14 12 10 Time (9 hours) Lidar-only detection Radar-only detection Radar + Lidar Detection Radar only, Lidar missing Clear Height (km) eliminate radar clutter, add cloud seen by only lidar, and extend lidar cloud tops as detected by radar. Time (9 hours) Time (9 hours) Cloud Mask showing Instrument Source IR Lidar Solar Lidar Lidar-only detections Upper cloud seen by radar only IR Radar Solar Radar Time (hours) 12 24 Height (km) 16 8 Lidar-Detected Cirrus Heating In Section 3) at left, we examine the value of radar vs. lidar vs. both in detecting cirrus. Additional Radar-Detected Cirrus Heating Additional Lidar-Detected Cirrus Heating Clutter Lidar only, Radar missing Radar only, Lidar missing Lidar-only detection Radar-only detection Radar + Lidar Detection Clear Missing Radar and Lidar Significant Heating Rates associated with Undetected Cirrus