Pitch Intervals Chapter 6.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Diatonic Chords in Major and Minor Keys
Advertisements

Harmonic intervals  A harmonic interval is two notes played at the same time.
AP Music Theory – Mr. Jackson Scales SCALES are an ordered collection of pitches in whole-and half-step patterns. The word scale comes from the Latin.
Kostka/Payne Chapter 1 – Part Two ELEMENTS OF PITCH (CONTINUED)
Scales & Intervals Theory I 9 th grade Ms. Wasko.
DHC 161 Musical Intervals and Frequency Ratios Dr. Andy Piacsek Central Washington University Dr. Andy Piacsek Central Washington University.
Monday, September 24,  Review: Perfect and major intervals  Review: Minor intervals  Introduce: Augmented & diminished intervals  Aural Skills:
AP Music Theory Elements of Music: Pitch. IB and AP  This class will get you through the material you will need to accurately analyze a piece of music.
Chords  In order to properly label chords, you must first find it’s quality…  1 – Count the number of notes in the chord, should be 3, (if 4-notes see.
The Nuts & Bolts of Music
Review of Music Rudiments Music 1133 Pages The essence of music Music essentially has two basic components Sound - pitch, timbre, space Time - distribution.
Voice Leading in Four-Part Chorale Writing
PHYS 103 lecture #11 Musical Scales. Properties of a useful scale An octave is divided into a set number of notes Agreed-upon intervals within an octave.
Chapter 3 Part 2. Consonance and Dissonance Intervals that are treated as STABLE and not requiring resolution are considered CONSONANCE. Consonant intervals.
AP Music Theory Mr. Jackson
What’s that scale?? 1 Note Grades should be available on some computer somewhere. The numbers are based on the total number of correct answers, so 100%
About Directions Start Tutorial. How to use this tutorial The modules are designed to be completed sequentially. Each module has a brief review of concepts.
Pitch, Rhythm, and Harmony Pg A musical sound has four properties: Pitch Duration Volume Timbre.
Intervals The distance measured between two notes is described as an INTERVAL. The intervals we will identify are: Major Minor Perfect Tritone Octave (8ve)
Set 7 What’s that scale?? 1 Note Grades should be available on some computer somewhere. The numbers are based on the total number of correct answers,
Introduction to Music Theory Intervals. The Keyboard Half StepsWhole Steps.
AP Music Theory Chapter 2. Scales A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order.
Index Review. Scales, Key, and Modes! Chapter 3 Scales! Scales : an ordered collection of pitches in whole and half-step patterns. Scale comes from the.
Before class and/or when you finish the quiz, construct as many of the following scales as you have time for, in bass clef, giving special attention to.
Chapter 3 Intervals and Transposition. Important Concepts Tone combinations are classified in music with names that identify the pitch relationships.
Intervals The Distance Between Two Notes. Naming Intervals Interval names have two parts: 1. A letter indicating whether the second note is in the major.
Before We Begin... I will pass your quizzes back.
Harmonics & Music By Stephanie Tacit Grade 11 Physics.
Chapter 3 The Structures of Music Harmony. Key Terms Chords Harmonized Harmony Consonance Dissonance Resolution Resolved.
INTRODUCTION TO CHORDS Hello. Today we will look at chords. By the end of today you will be able to aurally identify different species of chord. We will.
The easy way… Of Chords & Scales...
AP Music Theory Elements of Music: Pitch. Keyboard and Octave Registers  Pitch refers to highness or lowness of a sound  Names for the first 7 letters.
Warm-Up What is the difference between parallel and relative minors?
Introduction to music theory Part 1
Voicing Chords in Multiple Parts: Instrumentation
Introduction to Music scales
(Road to discuss harmony)
(Road to discuss harmony)
Triads and Seventh Chords
Chords and Triads.
Chapter 16 Secondary Functions 1.
Intervals Week 1.7.
Musical units of measurement
Minor Scales.
Half/whole steps Perfect Tritone Major/Minor Augmented/Diminished
New York University Adjunct Instructor Scott Burton
INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC THEORY
Secondary Dominants Chapter 20.
Introduction to Music Theory
Pitch Collections, Scales, and Major Keys
Chorale Harmonization and Figured Bass
Basic Chords and How to Build Them
Intervals in Action (Two-Voice Composition)
INTERVALS, SCALES & CHORDS
Introduction to Minor Scales
Circle of 5ths This is a tool to help you remember all the major and minor key signatures 2 Important things to know: Formula of whole steps and half steps.
CHAPTER 9 4-part voice leading
Lab 7: Musical Scales The Just Scale The Tempered Scale Transposition
Pitch Class Collection
AP Music Theory Mr. Silvagni
MORE Intervals!!!! Day 11.
H Melody/Harmony Relative Major / Minor – A change of key (modulation) from minor to major key using the same key signature but found three semitones higher,
Aug and dim Intervals.
Lesson 8: Intervals.
Tonic, Subdominant, and Dominant.
Higher Harmonic and Melodic concepts
(Road to discuss harmony)
BASIC RUDIMENTS Tones and Semitones.
The distance in pitch between two notes
Intervals Chapter 6; An informative and short review
Presentation transcript:

Pitch Intervals Chapter 6

Pitch Intervals Key Concept – page 95 An interval measures the musical space between two pitches or pitch classes. The intervals between pitches are called pitch intervals. The intervals between pitch classes are called pitch-class intervals.

Generic Intervals Labeled with a number, not a specific quality. Numbers include: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Etc.

Labeling Generic Intervals Starting with the bottom pitch, count it as 1 Count the lines and spaces to the next pitch The number you count is the generic interval

Labeling Generic intervals You can also use scales for intervals For example: In the Key of C C-C = 1 (Unison – same pitches) C-D = 2 C-E = 3 C-F = 4 C-G = 5 C-A = 6 C-B = 7 C-C = 8

Assignment – Try It #2 – page 96 Name the generic interval spanned by each pair of pitches.

Melodic Versus Harmonic Intervals A melodic interval is the distance between to successive pitches A harmonic interval is the distance played simultaneously

Simple Generic Intervals Intervals that span within an octave.

Compound Intervals A compound interval is an interval larger than one octave When labeling compound intervals be careful to get correct intervals Two options: Count the distance between the pitches Formula of: 7 + s (7 + the simple interval number) Example: C4 – D5 = (M)9 7 + 2 = 9 (This is because the unison is 1 and not 0.) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Interval Quality Key Concept – page 99 When two generic pitch intervals share the same interval number but are not the exact same size, the difference in size is called the interval quality.

Types of Interval Quality Major (based on the major scale) Perfect (based on the major scale) Minor (half step smaller than major intervals) Diminished (half step smaller than perfect and minor intervals) Augmented (half step larger than major and perfect intervals) Key Concept – page 100 Major intervals are a half step larger than minor intervals.

Types of Interval Quality HANDOUT

Examples

Using Major Scales to Spell Pitch Intervals To get a major 3rd above the scale tonic, think about the major scale. For example: Major third above G is B The same goes for minor scales.

Using Major Scales to Spell Pitch Intervals Key Concept – page 102 One quick way to spell a pitch interval is to imagine that the interval is in a key, where the bottom note is the tonic and the upper note lies somewhere in the scale. Always begin by writing the generic interval first (by counting lines and spaces.) If the interval you want is perfect (unison, 4th, 5th, or octave) or major (2nd, 3rd, 6th, or 7th), add an accidental to the upper note so that it conforms to the major key signature of the bottom note. If the interval you want is a minor 3rd, 6th, or 7th, add an accidental to the upper note that conforms to the minor key signature of the bottom note. If the interval you want is a minor second, follow step #1, then add an accidental to the upper note if needed to make the interval a half step.

Using Major Scales to Spell Pitch Intervals 1. Always begin by writing the generic interval first (by counting lines and spaces.)

Using Major Scales to Spell Pitch Intervals 2. If the interval you want is perfect (unison, 4th, 5th, or octave) or major (2nd, 3rd, 6th, or 7th), add an accidental to the upper note so that it conforms to the major key signature of the bottom note.

3. If the interval you want is a minor 3rd, 6th, or 7th, add an accidental to the upper note that conforms to the minor key signature of the bottom note.

Using Major Scales to Spell Pitch Intervals 4. If the interval you want is a minor second, follow step #1, then add an accidental to the upper note if needed to make the interval a half step.

Assignment – Try It #5 - page 102 Name the following notes.

Using Major Scales to Identify Pitch Intervals Think of the scale of the tonic to help identify an interval that has been spelled for you. For example: F is the top pitch. C is the bottom pitch. Identify the generic interval. Use scales to determine the quality.

Assignment – Try it #6 - page 103 Name the following intervals.

Spelling Pitch Intervals Beneath a Given Note If we want to spell a major 6th below C: Write the generic interval by counting down 6. (This pitch is now the tonic.) Ask, “Does the C fit the the E-Major scale?” What has to be done so the C fits a scale in which a form of E is the tonic? We can NOT change the given pitch. Add an accidental to the E so we have a major 6th.

Assignment – try it #7 on page 103 Name the following notes:

Another Way to Spell Pitch Intervals Label the generic interval. Count the number of semitone (half-steps).

The Tritone A tritone is the interval between P4 and P5. (Tri stands for the 3 whole steps (6 half steps) of the interval.) This interval may be spelled as an A4 or a d5. (If the generic interval is 4, it will be an A4. If the generic interval is 5, it will be a P5.) A4 d5

Spelling Diminished and Augmented Intervals Key Concept - page 105 When a major or perfect interval is made one chromatic help step larger, we call it augmented. When a minor or perfect interval is made one chromatic half step smaller, we call it diminished. When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger (without changing the letter names of the pitches), we call it doubly augmented. When a minor or a perfect interval is made one whole step smaller (without changing the letter names of the pitches) we call it doubly diminished.

Enharmonic Equivalent Intervals Enharmonic Equivalent Intervals are intervals that span the same number of semitones but have different interval names. For example a minor 3rd from F to Ab and an augmented second from F to G# both span three semitones.

The Relative Consonance and Dissonance of Intervals Consonant intervals sound pleasing to the ear or are tonally stable. (Unison, 3rd, 5th, 6th, and Octave - perfect/major and minor) Dissonant intervals sound tonally active, there is a need to resolves, and unpleasant. (2nd, (4th,) and 7th - major and minor; any augmented or diminished intervals) Perfect consonances are unisons, fifths, and octaves due to their pure acoustic properties. (Unison, 5th, Octave) Imperfect consonances are not considered to be acoustically pure. (3rd and 6th)

Summary - page 108 Consonant intervals: unison, third, fifth, octave Dissonant intervals: second, seventh, any augmented or diminished interval Special case: fourth (acoustically consonant; melodic interval is usually a consonance, harmonic interval is usually a dissonance)

The Inversion of Intervals Inversionally related intervals are intervals that are spelled with the same pitches but in a different ordered.

The Inversion of Intervals Key Concept - page 109 Things to keep in mind when determining the quality and size of an interval inversion. Quality: Perfect intervals remain perfect; Major intervals invert to minor, and vice versa; Diminished intervals invert to augmented, and vice versa Size: The two numbers always sum to 9; for example 1 inverts to 8, 3 inverts to 6, 4 inverts to 5, etc.

The Inversion of Intervals

Assignment - Try it #9 - page 109 For each pair of pitches below, name the interval. Then write the inversion, and name the new interval. The first has been completed for you.