STAAR Review DAY 1 MATTER AND ENERGY TEKS 8.5A (R), 8.5B (R), 7.5C (S), 7.6A (S), 7.6B (S) © Hedgehog Learning

Structure of Atoms Nucleus of the Atom - Contains Protons and Neutrons Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Nucleus of the Atom - Contains Protons and Neutrons Electron Cloud of the Atom - Contains Electrons © Hedgehog Learning

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Take a minute to fill in the table below on a piece of paper… Protons Neutrons Electrons Mass of Particle (1, 0) Charge of Particle (-1, 0, +1) Location of Particle © Hedgehog Learning

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Is this what you came up with? Protons Neutrons Electrons Mass of Particle (1, 0) 1 Charge of Particle (-1, 0, +1) +1 -1 Location of Particle Nucleus Orbitals or Electron Cloud © Hedgehog Learning

Makeup of an Element © Hedgehog Learning The ATOMIC NUMBER indicates the number of PROTONS in an ELEMENT The ATOMIC MASS (rounded) indicates the number of PROTONS plus NEUTRONS Only Oxygen has 8 protons, which makes it a unique element. To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass: 16 – 8 = 8 Electrons are normally equal to the number of protons if the charge of the atom is zero.

Gaining (or Losing) a Charge! Element + Element = Compound Most elements will either gain or lose valence electrons and become charged. Nonmetals (right side of periodic table) typically gain electrons and are negatively charged. Metals (left side of the periodic table) typically lose electrons and are positively charged Because metals and nonmetals are oppositely charged, these individual elements will combine to form compounds. © Hedgehog Learning

Gaining (or Losing) a Charge! = VALENCE ELECTRON 12 P 8 P Mg O © Hedgehog Learning

Gaining (or Losing) a Charge! = VALENCE ELECTRON Lose 2 Electrons +2 Charge Gain 2 Electrons -2 Charge 12 P 8 P Mg O © Hedgehog Learning

Reactivity The number of valence electrons will determine how reactive an element will be. If an element has valence electrons to gain or lose, it will be very reactive. If an element has all eight valence electrons, it is considered to be non-reactive. © Hedgehog Learning

Chemical and Physical Changes in the Digestive System Identify examples of physical and chemical changes that occur at each of these points. A B C © Hedgehog Learning

Chemical and Physical Changes in the Digestive System A – Chewing and swallowing (physical) and saliva (chemical) B – Stomach acids breakdown proteins and fats (chemical) C – Absorption of water (physical) and breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (chemical). A B C © Hedgehog Learning

Energy and Food Webs On a piece of paper, diagram the flow of energy through these organisms. © Hedgehog Learning

Energy and Food Webs SUN © Hedgehog Learning

Organic Compounds CARBON © Hedgehog Learning Organic Compounds are compounds containing carbon. Organic compounds are the building blocks of life, including substances like fats, sugars, and protein. Fossil fuels are also organic compounds. Can you identify any other carbon-containing compounds? Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus CARBON Nitrogen Sulfur

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