VOCABULARY Monsoons – seasonal winds that bring intense rainfall Ring of Fire – volcanic zone around the Pacific Ocean where the plates that make up the world’s crust meet Tsunami – giant and powerful ocean wave Typhoons – strong tropical storms with heavy rains and high winds

Unit 5 South and Southeast Asia

Geography of South Asia South Asia collided with the Asian continent when tectonic plates shifted This collision caused the Himalaya Mountains; separates South Asia from the rest of Asia Rainwater and snowmelt in the mountains cause the Ganges and Indus Rivers Monsoons are an important feature: Wet monsoons – bring rains Dry monsoons – do not produce rain, can be very damaging

Geography of Southeast Asia Made up of island and mainland countries Indonesia and the Philippines are island nations Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam are mainland Island nations sit on the ring of fire and have many active volcanoes Very exposed to tsunamis Tropical climate, temperatures vary based on elevation and distance from the ocean Wet monsoon season is May to September

Please label the following: South Asia p. 469 Southeast Asia p. 597 Bangladesh Cambodia Bhutan Indonesia India Laos Nepal Malaysia Pakistan Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

Vocabulary Cultural Hearths – centers of civilization from which cultural components spread Caste System – social structure in South Asia organizing people and their places in society

National History Day Outline Introduction Introduce your topic and highlight its importance Background Discuss the components of your topic and/or the events leading up to it Conflict Highlight the conflict; what happened, who was involved, provide details and the outcome Compromise After the conflict was over, how did the two sides come together to form a resolution? What was the resolution? Were both sides happy or not? Did it cause additional problems? Conclusion Readdress the conflict and compromise including its importance

History of South and Southeast Asia

South Asia - History Indus and Ganges River Valleys made great centers of civilization – The mountains and the coastlines made great natural barriers Harappan Civilization – Indus River Pakistan First urban in South Asia Big cities were Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, planned and organized Had a writing system that hasn’t been translated yet

South Asia - History Aryan Migration: Nomadic herders, migrated to Indus Valley around 2000BC Language, Sanskrit, basis of many South Asian languages today Sacred Texts, the Vedas, established the beginnings of Hinduism today Developed the Caste System: Brahamans – Priests and Scholars Kshatriyas – Rulers and Warriors Vaisyas – Merchants and Professionals Sudras – Artisans, Laborers, Servants Dalit - Untouchables

South Asia - History Mauryan Empire 321BC to 185BC Ganges River Grew and flourished under Ashoka Gupta Empire 321AD to 540AD Advancements in metal working, literature, math, and astronomy

South Asia - History Mughal Empire 1526-1858 Islamic Empire from Central Asia Practiced religious tolerance, empire grew through military conquest

Southeast Asia - History Khmer Empire Centered along the Mekong River valley in Cambodia Built Angkor Wat temple complex in the 1100s Dai Viet Kingdom Formed in AD 939 after breaking free from China Women enjoyed a higher social standing than in China

Southeast Asia - History Srivijaya Arose in Sumatra in the AD 600s Controlled trade from South Asia to China