Matching! Industrial Revolution Islamic City Feudal City Gateway City Great Migration Medieval City European Cities Colonial Cities Latin American City The movement of African Americans from the Southern United States to the Northern United States Largely centers of military power characterized by poverty and a lack of culture Centers of learning in the 14th-17th century A mixture of indigenous American and European architecture Led to tremendous population growth and urbanization Entry points for foreign exports Contains a church as the city center and densely packed streets Contain a mosque in the city center and densely packed streets Clear sectors move out from the city center, highlighted by important large roadways

How many AP Human Geography vocabulary words can you relate to this?

The Origins and Evolution of Cities

Settlements and cities Settlement / settlement node A permanent agglomeration of buildings and people. City / urban area A settlement with a large population

Origin of cities First originated around 3500 BC Emerged from agricultural villages built next to rivers The 5 hearths of urbanization Mesopotamia (between Tigris & Euphrates Rivers of Iraq’s Fertile Crescent) Nile River Valley (Egypt) Indus River Valley (Pakistan) Huang He and Wei River Valleys (e. China) Mesoamerica (s. Mexico, Guatemala). What else were these places hearths for?

Why and How did Cities Develop? Agricultural Surplus Near rivers = good for farming Irrigation—Allowed for surplus Stratified social system Upper class and lower class developed Labor specialization With a surplus, not everyone had to farm. People could specialize in non-agricultural activities (writing, religion, and metal working.)

Pre-industrial cities were mostly trading cities near water

Colonial city Built to export goods to mother country. Located near water (usually coast). Roads to help get exports out. Usually became primate cities.

The Industrial Revolution generated massive urbanization The growth of factories and urban jobs was a huge pull factor for rural areas. Created a steady rural-urban migration pattern. (Think Demographic Transition)

Industrial Revolution

Industrial cities By 1900 most large cities were American or European industrial cities, such as Manchester, Chicago, and Barcelona. Accompanying this high pollution levels overcrowding exploitation of children in factories.

Global Urbanization 1800--5% of the world’s population was urban 1950--16% of the world was urban Today, more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. In the future, the world will be more urban.

The Industrial Revolution Population explosion made cities much, much bigger Example: Chicago

New Transportation Innovations in transportation in the 19th and 20th centuries (railroads, autos) drastically changed cities: More connected to each other now Don’t need to be near water More air and water pollution More suburbs/edge cities (cars) Ghettoes form (near train tracks) Some cities disappear (not on highways)

Do you think American cities are industrial cities?

Post-industrial cities Shift in core countries from manufacturing to service industries old factories are being converted to shopping malls waterfront industrial ports into parks warehouses into art galleries.

Urbanization in the Southern USA Southeast and Southwest US are urbanizing New technology like… AC! Net-in migration (Rust Belt to Sun Belt) Also increased migration from Latin America

Rise of megalopolis! Megalopolis—An urban area that results from cities getting so big that they reach each other.

Mechagodzilla!!!! I really don’t know why I put this…

How do levels of urbanization between MDCs and LDCs compare?

Which regions of the world are the least urbanized?

Review! Identify one pro and one con of an industrial city. How did an agricultural surplus lead to economic inequality in society? What part of the United States do you think will have the largest megalopolis in the future? How did railways and highways change the structure of cities? What do you think will be the next country in the world that will start to see post-industrial cities? Why?

Homework!

What does this urbanization mean for the future of Texas What does this urbanization mean for the future of Texas? What are some positive and negative effects that you predict will happen because of this change? Answer in one paragraph.

Timeline! Create a timeline of the different stages urban areas have gone through in history. Your timeline should have at least 7 steps, and each step should have a 1-2 sentence description of the type of city, a picture, and approximate dates for each city. Add color for 10 extra points!