World History Mr. Sciarabba Indus River Valley World History Mr. Sciarabba

People settled in the Indus River Valley about 3500 B.C. Civilization began about 2500 B.C. Indus River Valley is located in present day Pakistan.

Archeologists have found 2 lost cities as of 1920-1930. The cities names are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Mohenjo Daro and Harappa

Map of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

The People The people of the Indus River Valley: Had a system of writing Farmed and stored grain Worked with metals, pottery, and wove cotton Traded and sold goods

Ancient Indus

Ceramics

What’s Left Behind? The ruins of Mohenjo-Daro show plans for architecture and city planning. A system of weights and measures was used to construct buildings and roads. A grid system was used to plan the city as most cities today would do. Large public baths and public garbage collection was used.

The Great Bath The "great bath" is without doubt the earliest public water tank in the ancient world. Two wide staircases lead down into the tank from the north and south and small sockets at the edges of the stairs are thought to have held wooden planks or treads. At the foot of the stairs is a small ledge with a brick edging that extends the entire width of the pool. People coming down the stairs could move along this ledge without actually stepping into the pool itself.

Great Bath

What does all this mean? The people of Ancient India were able to create a sense of citizenship. Community members worked together, such as garbage collection being used. The people of Ancient India made huge scientific and cultural developments. Can you name a few??

Disappearance of the Harappan Civilization! The Harappan people vanished suddenly Archeologists believe the disappearance was caused by a natural disaster. Such as a monsoon. Who came next??

Streets At Mohenjo-daro narrow streets and alleyways branch off of the major streets, leading into more private neighborhoods. Many of the brick houses were two stories high, with thick walls and high ceilings to keep the rooms cool in the hot summer months.

Mound E Gateway Artists Conception by Chris Sloan, courtesy of JM Kenoyer

Aryans Arrive Aryans migrated South to the Indus River Valley, crossing the Hindu-Kush Mountains. They passed through the Khber Pass. Lived a nomadic existence

Aryans Developed Villages and Towns Aryans left behind their language Sanskrit Verdas were books of knowledge. Verdas were written in sansrit.

Grouping of Members The Aryans had a grouping System. Another name for a the grouping of people is a caste system. Brahmins- were the highest group. This group consisted of teachers and priests. Cultivators- were your middle class society. They were made up of warriors, kings, and other rulers. Sudras- the lowest class, was made up of those who farmed the land and served others.

The Persian Empire The Empire stretched from the Indus River Valley to the Mediterranean sea. The Persian empire was created after the conquering of Babylonians, Lydians and Egyptians. South Asian culture Began to spread to the rest of the world because of the development of roads. Trade by the Persians connected India with other land in Central Asia.

First Indian Empire Maurya Empire became the first Indian Empire and extended to the borders of Persia. The Maurya Empire had a highly organized government. The government had great control. Controlled the artisans worked and how doctors treated their patients. India had a strong group of civil service workers, a powerful army, and even an army of spies. The empire ended in 185 B.C.

Arts and Sciences The Gupta Empire lasted for about 200 years. During this time India was advancing in science and mathematics. A number system was created using digits 0-9. Literature, poetry, and art and flourished. Elaborate temples were created.

Other Advancements Higher education became available to men. India’s economy began to grow as well did trade. Textiles such as silk, cotton, and linen became valuable exports.

Extended response Why were the contributions of the Indus River Valley so important? How did the advancements impact the rest of the world’s history? Does the United States use any type of grouping system for its citizens, either intentionally or not? 4-6 complete sentences each